eclipse ant认识

我不是女神ヾ 2022-06-17 06:50 151阅读 0赞

在Eclipse中使用Ant  
  
    Ant是Java平台下非常棒的批处理命令执行程序，能非常方便地自动完成编译，测试，打包，部署等等一系列任务，大大提高开发效率。如果你现在还没有开始使用Ant，那就要赶快开始学习使用，使自己的开发水平上一个新台阶。  
  
    Eclipse中已经集成了Ant，我们可以直接在Eclipse中运行Ant。  
  
    以前面建立的Hello工程为例，创建以下目录结构：

新建一个build.xml，放在工程根目录下。build.xml定义了Ant要执行的批处理命令。虽然Ant也可以使用其它文件名，但是遵循标准能更使开发更规范，同时易于与别人交流。   
  
通常，src存放Java源文件，classes存放编译后的class文件，lib存放编译和运行用到的所有jar文件，web存放JSP等web文件，dist存放打包后的jar文件，doc存放API文档。  
  
然后在根目录下创建build.xml文件，输入以下内容：

<? xml version="1.0" ?> < project name ="Hello world" default ="doc" >  < property name ="src.dir" value ="src" /> < property name ="report.dir" value ="report" /> < property name ="classes.dir" value ="classes" /> < property name ="lib.dir" value ="lib" /> < property name ="dist.dir" value ="dist" /> < property name ="doc.dir" value ="doc" />  < path id ="master-classpath" > < fileset file ="$\{lib.dir\}/\*.jar" /> < pathelement path ="$\{classes.dir\}" /> </ path >  < target name ="init" > </ target >  < target name ="compile" depends ="init" description ="compile the source files" > < mkdir dir ="$\{classes.dir\}" /> < javac srcdir ="$\{src.dir\}" destdir ="$\{classes.dir\}" target ="1.4" > < classpath refid ="master-classpath" /> </ javac > </ target >  < target name ="test" depends ="compile" description ="run junit test" > < mkdir dir ="$\{report.dir\}" /> < junit printsummary ="on" haltonfailure ="false" failureproperty ="tests.failed" showoutput ="true" > < classpath refid ="master-classpath" /> < formatter type ="plain" /> < batchtest todir ="$\{report.dir\}" > < fileset dir ="$\{classes.dir\}" > < include name ="\*\*/\*Test.\*" /> </ fileset > </ batchtest > </ junit > < fail if ="tests.failed" > \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* One or more tests failed! Check the output ... \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* </ fail > </ target >  < target name ="pack" depends ="test" description ="make .jar file" > < mkdir dir ="$\{dist.dir\}" /> < jar destfile ="$\{dist.dir\}/hello.jar" basedir ="$\{classes.dir\}" > < exclude name ="\*\*/\*Test.\*" /> < exclude name ="\*\*/Test\*.\*" /> </ jar > </ target >  < target name ="doc" depends ="pack" description ="create api doc" > < mkdir dir ="$\{doc.dir\}" /> < javadoc destdir ="$\{doc.dir\}" author ="true" version ="true" use ="true" windowtitle ="Test API" > < packageset dir ="$\{src.dir\}" defaultexcludes ="yes" > < include name ="example/\*\*" /> </ packageset > < doctitle > <!\[CDATA\[ <h1>Hello, test</h1> \]\]> </ doctitle > < bottom > <!\[CDATA\[ <i>All Rights Reserved.</i> \]\]> </ bottom > < tag name ="todo" scope ="all" description ="To do:" /> </ javadoc > </ target > </ project >

选中Hello工程，然后选择“Project”，“Properties”，“Builders”，“New…”，选择“Ant Build”：

填入Name：Ant\_Builder；Buildfile：build.xml；Base Directory：$\{workspace\_loc:/Hello\}（按“Browse Workspace”选择工程根目录），由于用到了junit.jar包，搜索Eclipse目录，找到junit.jar，把它复制到Hello/lib目录下，并添加到Ant的Classpath中：

然后在Builder面板中钩上Ant\_Build，去掉Java Builder：

再次编译，即可在控制台看到Ant的输出：

Buildfile: F:\\eclipse \- projects\\Hello\\build.xml init: compile: \[mkdir\] Created dir: F:\\eclipse \- projects\\Hello\\classes \[javac\] Compiling  2  source files to F:\\eclipse \- projects\\Hello\\classes test: \[mkdir\] Created dir: F:\\eclipse \- projects\\Hello\\report \[junit\] Running example.HelloTest \[junit\] Tests run:  1 , Failures:  0 , Errors:  0 , Time elapsed:  0.02  sec pack: \[mkdir\] Created dir: F:\\eclipse \- projects\\Hello\\dist \[jar\] Building jar: F:\\eclipse \- projects\\Hello\\dist\\hello.jar doc: \[mkdir\] Created dir: F:\\eclipse \- projects\\Hello\\doc \[javadoc\] Generating Javadoc \[javadoc\] Javadoc execution \[javadoc\] Loading source files  for  package example... \[javadoc\] Constructing Javadoc information... \[javadoc\] Standard Doclet version  1.4 .2\_04 \[javadoc\] Building tree for  all the packages and classes... \[javadoc\] Building index  for  all the packages and classes... \[javadoc\] Building index  for  all classes... \[javadoc\] Generating F:\\eclipse \- projects\\Hello\\doc\\stylesheet.css... \[javadoc\] Note: Custom tags that could override  future standard tags:   
@todo. To avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.)  in  custom tag names. \[javadoc\] Note: Custom tags that were not seen: @todo BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time:  11  seconds

Ant依次执行初始化，编译，测试，打包，生成API文档一系列任务，极大地提高了开发效率。将来开发J2EE项目时，还可加入部署等任务。并且，即使脱离了Eclipse环境，只要正确安装了Ant，配置好环境变量ANT\_HOME=<Ant解压目录>，Path=…;%ANT\_HOME%\\bin，在命令行提示符下切换到Hello目录，简单地键入ant即可。