项目开发：SSH 之“department”模块从零开发

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2022-06-16 10:57 213阅读 0赞

## 前言： ##

怎么从零开始做一个模块？ 只给你需求，用编程语言去实现，这就是现实的公司要求的基本功。

今天小编就对项目中的一个模块“部门管理”来对SSH框架怎么用，进行一个summary，手把手的进行一个总结。

## 步骤： ##

### 一、设计 ###

1，设计实体（pojo或domain）/建表

![Center][]

2，分析该“department” 模块有几个功能，对应的几个请求。

3，功能的实现：

（1）写Action类，写Action中的方法，确定Service中的方法

（2）写Service，ServiceImple中方法，确定DAO中方法

（3）写Dao和DaoImpl层方法（如果有了BaseDao则让Dao继承BaseDao）

（4）最后写页面，写jsp，页面写完了，增删改查也就完成了，进行测试一下就OK。

### 二、具体的代码实现： ###

![Center 1][]

#### 1,设计实体/ 建立department表（以ID，name,description三个字段为例） ####

package cn.itcast.oa.domain;
    import java.util.HashSet;
    import java.util.Set;
    
    /**
     * 部门 * 
     * @author DanielStark * 
     */
    public class Department {
    	private Long id;
    	private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>();
    	private Department parent;
    	private Set<Department> children = new HashSet<Department>();
    
    	private String name;
    	private String description;
    
    	public Long getId() {
    		return id;
    	}
    
    	public void setId(Long id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    
    	public Set<User> getUsers() {
    		return users;
    	}
    
    	public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
    		this.users = users;
    	}
    
    	public Department getParent() {
    		return parent;
    	}
    
    	public void setParent(Department parent) {
    		this.parent = parent;
    	}
    
    	public Set<Department> getChildren() {
    		return children;
    	}
    
    	public void setChildren(Set<Department> children) {
    		this.children = children;
    	}
    
    	public String getName() {
    		return name;
    	}
    
    	public void setName(String name) {
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    
    	public String getDescription() {
    		return description;
    	}
    
    	public void setDescription(String description) {
    		this.description = description;
    	}
    }

####     ####

#### 2,写Department.hbm.xml映射文件 ####

<?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    
    <hibernate-mapping package="cn.itcast.oa.domain">
    
    	<class name="Department" table="itcast_department">
    		<id name="id">
    			<generator class="native" />
    		</id>
    		<property name="name" />
    		<property name="description" />
    
    		
    		<set name="users">
    			<key column="departmentId"></key>
    			<one-to-many class="User" />
    		</set>
    
    		
    		<many-to-one name="parent" class="Department" column="parentId"></many-to-one>
    
    		
    		<set name="children">
    			<key column="parentId"></key>
    			<one-to-many class="Department" />
    		</set>
    
    
    	</class>
    
    </hibernate-mapping>

#### 3，将映射文件进行配置： ####

![Center 2][]

#### 4，建立连接数据库的jdbc.properties文件；和 ####

jdbcUrl      = jdbc:mysql://192.168.21.51:3306/itcastoa0720
    driverClass  = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    user         = root
    password     = 1
    #jdbcUrl      = jdbc:mysql://localhost:8081/itcastoa0720

#### 5，日志log4J.properties.xml文件； ####

### direct log messages to stdout ###
    log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
    log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
    log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
    
    ### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
    #log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
    #log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
    #log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    #log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
    ### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
    log4j.rootLogger=error, stdout
    #log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
    #log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug
    log4j.logger.cn.itcast.oa=debug

#### 6，spring文件applicationContext.xml ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
    				http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
    
    	
    	<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.oa"/>
    
    	
    	
    	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    
    
    	
    	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    		
    		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
    		
    		<property name="dataSource">
    			<bean class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
    				
    				<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
    				<property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
    				<property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
    				<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
    				
    				
    				<property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
    				
    				<property name="minPoolSize" value="3"></property>
    				
    				<property name="maxPoolSize" value="5"></property>
    				
    				<property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"></property>
    				
    				<property name="maxStatements" value="8"></property>
    				
    				<property name="maxStatementsPerConnection" value="5"></property>
    				
    				<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"></property>
    			</bean>
    		</property>
    	</bean>
    
    
    	
    	<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
    		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
    	</bean>
    	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
    </beans>

#### 7，Struts.xml文件 ####

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
    <struts>
    	
        <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
        
        <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
        
        <constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple" />   
        <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">      
    		
    		
    		<action name="test" class="testAction">
    			<result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
    		</action>		
    		
    		<action name="role_*" class="roleAction" method="{1}">
    			<result name="list">/WEB-INF/jsp/roleAction/list.jsp</result>
    			<result name="saveUI">/WEB-INF/jsp/roleAction/saveUI.jsp</result>
    			
    			<result name="toList" type="redirectAction">role_list</result>
    		</action>          
    
    		
    		<action name="department_*" class="departmentAction" method="{1}">
    			<result name="list">/WEB-INF/jsp/departmentAction/list.jsp</result>
    			<result name="saveUI">/WEB-INF/jsp/departmentAction/saveUI.jsp</result>
    			<result name="toList" type="redirectAction">department_list</result>
    		</action>
        </package>
        
    </struts>

#### 8，建表：testsessionFactory就行 ####

单独建立一个test文件夹进行单独的测试用。

// 测试SessionFactory
    	@Test
    	public void testSessionFactory() throws Exception {
    		SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory) ac.getBean("sessionFactory");
    		System.out.println(sessionFactory);
    	}

运行sessionFactory之后表自动就出来了如下：

![Center 3][]

### 三、分析有几个功能，请求 ###

比如增删改查方法，分析并先写好方法名，返回值，对应页面名称统一下来。

![Center 4][]

### 四，底层代码实现 ###

#### 1，写Action中方法，确定Service方法 ####

package cn.itcast.oa.view.action;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    
    import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
    import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Role;
    import cn.itcast.oa.service.DepartmentService;
    import cn.itcast.oa.service.RoleService;
    
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
    
    @Controller//这两个注入的目的是要找到Struts里面的bean---2017-5-12 22:18:45
    @Scope("prototype")
    //public class DepartmentAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<Department>{
    
    public class DepartmentAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<Department>{
    	//ModelDriven用于封装表达当中传过来的参数
    	@Resource
    	private DepartmentService departmentService;
    
    	// private Long id;
    	// private String name;
    	// private String description;
    
    	private Department model = new Department();
    
    	public Department getModel() {
    		return model;
    	}
    	
    	/*列表*/
    	public String list()throws Exception{
    		List<Department>departmentList=departmentService.findAll();
    		ActionContext.getContext().put("departmentList",departmentList);
    		return "list";
    	}
    
    	/*增加*/
    	public String add()throws Exception{
    		departmentService.save(model);
    		return "toList";
    	}
    	
    	/*增加页面*/
    	public String addUI() throws Exception{
    		return "saveUI";
    	}
    	
    	/*删除*/
    	public String delete() throws Exception{
     		departmentService.delete(model.getId());
    		return "toList";
    	}
    	
    	/*修改*/
    	public String edit() throws Exception {
    		// 1，从数据库中获得原对象
    		Department department = departmentService.getById(model.getId());
    		// 2，设置要修改的属性
    		department.setName(model.getName());
    		department.setDescription(model.getDescription());
    		// 3，更新到数据库中
    		departmentService.update(department);
    		return "toList";
    	}
    	
    	/*修改页面*/
    	public String editUI()throws Exception{
    		//准备回显数据
    		//取车要回显的数据
    		Department department=departmentService.getById(model.getId());		
    		//将取出来的数据放入栈顶就能进行回显		
    		ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().push(department);
    		return "saveUI";
    	}	
    }

#### 2，service层代码： ####

package cn.itcast.oa.service;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
    
    public interface DepartmentService{
    	// 查询所有
    		List<Department> findAll();
    
    		void delete(Long id);
    
    		void save(Department role);
    
    		Department getById(Long id);
    
    		void update(Department role);	
    }

#### 3，ServiceImpl代码： ####

package cn.itcast.oa.service.impl;
    import java.util.List;
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
    import cn.itcast.oa.dao.DepartmentDao;
    import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
    import cn.itcast.oa.service.DepartmentService;
    
    @Service  //注入spring，交给容器管理
    @Transactional  //事物管理
    public class DepartmentServiceImpl implements DepartmentService{
    
    	@Resource
    	private DepartmentDao departmentDao;	
    
    	public List<Department> findAll() {		
    		return departmentDao.findAll();
    	}
    
    	public void delete(Long id) {
    		departmentDao.delete(id);
    		
    	}
    
    	public void save(Department department) {
    		departmentDao.save(department);
    		
    	}
    
    	public Department getById(Long id) {
    		return departmentDao.getById(id);
    	}
    
    	public void update(Department department) {
    		departmentDao.update(department);
    		
    	}	
    }

#### 4，写Dao层： ####

package cn.itcast.oa.dao;
    import cn.itcast.oa.base.BaseDao;
    import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
    
    public interface DepartmentDao extends BaseDao<Department>{
    	
    }

#### 5，DaoImpl层代码： ####

package cn.itcast.oa.dao.impl;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    import cn.itcast.oa.base.BaseDaoImpl;
    import cn.itcast.oa.dao.DepartmentDao;
    import cn.itcast.oa.domain.Department;
    
    @Repository//注解，交给容器管理
    public class DepartmentDaoImpl extends BaseDaoImpl<Department> implements
    		DepartmentDao {
    
    }

#### 6，Dao可以继承Base，BaseDao代码如下： ####

![Center 5][]

package cn.itcast.oa.base;
    import java.util.List;
    public interface BaseDao<T> {
    
    	/**
    	 * 保存实体
    	 * 
    	 * @param entity
    	 */
    	void save(T entity);
    
    	/**
    	 * 删除实体
    	 * 
    	 * @param id
    	 */
    	void delete(Long id);
    
    	/**
    	 * 更新实体
    	 * 
    	 * @param entity
    	 */
    	void update(T entity);
    
    	/**
    	 * 按id查询
    	 * 
    	 * @param id
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	T getById(Long id);
    
    	/**
    	 * 按id查询
    	 * 
    	 * @param ids
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	List<T> getByIds(Long[] ids);
    
    	/**
    	 * 查询所有
    	 * 
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	List<T> findAll();
    }

#### 7，BaseDaoImpl层代码： ####

package cn.itcast.oa.base;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public abstract class BaseDaoImpl<T> implements BaseDao<T> {
    
    	@Resource
    	private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    	private Class<T> clazz;
    
    	public BaseDaoImpl() {
    		// 使用反射技术得到T的真实类型
    		ParameterizedType pt = (ParameterizedType) this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass(); // 获取当前new的对象的 泛型的父类 类型
    		this.clazz = (Class<T>) pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0]; // 获取第一个类型参数的真实类型
    		System.out.println("clazz ---> " + clazz);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 获取当前可用的Session
    	 * 
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	protected Session getSession() {
    		return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
    	}
    
    	public void save(T entity) {
    		getSession().save(entity);
    	}
    
    	public void update(T entity) {
    		getSession().update(entity);
    	}
    
    	public void delete(Long id) {
    		Object obj = getById(id);
    		if (obj != null) {
    			getSession().delete(obj);
    		}
    	}
    
    	public T getById(Long id) {
    		return (T) getSession().get(clazz, id);
    	}
    
    	public List<T> getByIds(Long[] ids) {
    		return getSession().createQuery(//
    				"FROM User WHERE id IN (:ids)")//
    				.setParameterList("ids", ids)//
    				.list();
    	}
    
    	public List<T> findAll() {
    		return getSession().createQuery(//
    				"FROM " + clazz.getSimpleName())//
    				.list();
    	}
    
    }

### 五、前台页面 ###

![Center 6][]

#### 1，list.jsp代码： ####

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
    <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title>部门列表</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/jquery.js"></script>
        <script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/pageCommon.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/PageUtils.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/blue/pageCommon.css" />
        <script type="text/javascript">
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
     
    <div id="Title_bar">
        <div id="Title_bar_Head">
            <div id="Title_Head"></div>
            <div id="Title">
                <img border="0" width="13" height="13" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/title_arrow.gif"/> 部门管理
            </div>
            <div id="Title_End"></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    <div id="MainArea">
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="TableStyle">
           
            
            <thead>
                <tr align=center valign=middle id=TableTitle>
                	<td width="150px">部门名称</td>
    				<td width="150px">上级部门名称</td>
    				<td width="200px">职能说明</td>
    				<td>相关操作</td>
                </tr>
            </thead>
    
    		
            <tbody id="TableData" class="dataContainer" datakey="departmentList">
            
            <s:iterator value="#departmentList">
    			<tr class="TableDetail1 template">
    				<td>${name} </td>
    				<td>${parent.name} </td>
    				<td>${description} </td>
    				<td>
    					<s:a action="department_delete?id=%{id}" οnclick="return window.confirm('这将删除所有的下级部门，您确定要删除吗？')">删除</s:a>
    					<s:a action="department_editUI?id=%{id}">修改</s:a>
    				</td>
    			</tr>
    		</s:iterator>	
    			
            </tbody>
        </table>
        
        
        <div id="TableTail">
            <div id="TableTail_inside">
                <s:a action="department_addUI"><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/createNew.png" /></s:a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    	
    <div id="Description"> 
    	说明：<br />
    	1，列表页面只显示一层的（同级的）部门数据，默认显示最顶级的部门列表。<br />
    	2，点击部门名称，可以查看此部门相应的下级部门列表。<br />
    	3，删除部门时，同时删除此部门的所有下级部门。
    </div>
    
    </body>
    </html>

#### 2，saveUI.jsp代码： ####

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
    <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
    <html>
    <head>
    	<title>部门设置</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/jquery.js"></script>
        <script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/pageCommon.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <script language="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/script/PageUtils.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
        <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/blue/pageCommon.css" />
    </head>
    <body>
    
     
    <div id="Title_bar">
        <div id="Title_bar_Head">
            <div id="Title_Head"></div>
            <div id="Title">
                <img border="0" width="13" height="13" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/title_arrow.gif"/> 部门信息
            </div>
            <div id="Title_End"></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    
    <div id=MainArea>
    
        <s:form action="department_%{id == null ? 'add' : 'edit'}">
            <s:hidden name="id"></s:hidden>
            
            <div class="ItemBlock_Title1">
            </div>
            
            
            <div class="ItemBlockBorder">
                <div class="ItemBlock">
                    <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="mainForm">
                        <tr><td width="100">上级部门</td>
                            <td><select name="parentId" class="SelectStyle">
                                    <option value="">请选择部门</option>
                                    <option value="7">┠总经理室</option>
                                    <option value="1">┠市场部</option>
                                    <option value="2">　┠咨询部</option>
                                    <option value="3">　┠招生部</option>
                                    <option value="4">┠教学部</option>
                                    <option value="5">┠后勤部</option>
                                </select>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr><td>部门名称</td>
                            <td><s:textfield  name="name" cssClass="InputStyle"/> *</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr><td>职能说明</td>
                            <td><s:textarea name="description" cssClass="TextareaStyle"></s:textarea></td>
                        </tr>
                    </table>
                </div>
            </div>
            
            
            <div id="InputDetailBar">
                <input type="image" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/save.png"/>
                <a href="javascript:history.go(-1);"><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/style/images/goBack.png"/></a>
            </div>
        </s:form>
    </div>
    
    <div class="Description">
    	说明：<br />
    	1，上级部门的列表是有层次结构的（树形）。<br/>
    	2，如果是修改：上级部门列表中不能显示当前修改的部门及其子孙部门。因为不能选择自已或自已的子部门作为上级部门。<br />
    </div>
    </body>
    </html>

## 测试： ##

运行服务器tomcat，输入访问地址：[http://localhost:8081/ItcastOA/department\_list.action][http_localhost_8081_ItcastOA_department_list.action]

页面显示出来结果如下：

![Center 7][]

## 总结： ##

在公司中是只给需求，要求实现模块，分析出主线之后，接下了就是自己编码，上面就是一个非常有代表性的例子，一条线从前台到后台所有让整个系统运行起来的编码设计原则，代码，希望对您有用。编程技术之路，有趣、好玩，分享+。

[Center]: /images/20220616/c59845d858a74c3aa1faaba5ce2d06e3.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220616/8b9a9678e2a74a07a1684cc2d87970b9.png
[Center 2]: /images/20220616/7bb909f6bc734f31afa734ce799307f6.png
[Center 3]: /images/20220616/e71e62b5c39a44de9b357955247f93ee.png
[Center 4]: /images/20220616/b2b13091a6e54a2ebd95df5ab527c4cd.png
[Center 5]: /images/20220616/e4dbcf839d21494db01ce80b3481ff36.png
[Center 6]: /images/20220616/a8877123dccf4f5ab9dc480c5b4348ce.png
[http_localhost_8081_ItcastOA_department_list.action]: http://localhost:8081/ItcastOA/department_list.action
[Center 7]: /images/20220616/a1be0758900c49e889062ea7fc43eae8.png