C++学习笔记（四）之 STL

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-06-16 07:36 154阅读 0赞

1、映射

map(映射),multimap(多映射)----------存取一对数据  
红黑树（数据结构）  
基本操作：

insert：4种方法，count和find，

erase：3种方法。

不能通过find进行修改  
demo：

#include<iostream>
    #include<map>
    
    
    using namespace std;
    
    int main()
    {
    	map<int, string> a;
    	multimap<int, string>am;
    	a.insert(map<int, string>::value_type(1, "one"));//key键，value值
    	a.insert(map<int, string>::value_type(2, "two"));
    	a.insert(map<int, string>::value_type(3, "three"));
    
    	a.insert(make_pair(-1, "minus one"));
    
    	a.insert(pair<int,string>(1000, " one thousand"));
    
    	a[100000] = "one miu";
    
    	cout << "最简单的查找：" << endl;
    	//cout <<a[]<< endl;
    
    	cout << "map里共有：" << a.size() << "对键值对数据" << endl;
    	cout << "Data is:" << endl;
    	map<int, string>::iterator iter = a.begin();
    	for (; iter != a.end(); ++iter)
    	{
    		cout << "Key:" << iter->first;
    		cout << "  Value:" << iter->second.c_str() << endl;
    	}
    
    	am.insert(multimap<int, string>::value_type(3, "Three"));
    	am.insert(multimap<int, string>::value_type(21, "fou five"));
    
    	am.insert(make_pair(11, "six Four"));
    
    	am.insert(pair<int, string>(66, "Seven Tex"));
    	am.insert(pair<int, string>(66, "Eight Nine"));
    
    	cout << "multimap里共有：" << am.size() << "对键值对数据" << endl;
    	cout << "Data is:" << endl;
    	map<int, string>::iterator iter1 = am.begin();
    	for (; iter1 != am.end(); ++iter1)
    	{
    		cout << "Key:" << iter1->first;
    		cout << "  Value:" << iter1->second.c_str() << endl;
    	}
    
    	cout << "multimap有" << am.count(66) << "个66" << endl;
    
    	multimap<int, string>::const_iterator fi;
    	fi = am.find(66);
    	if (fi != am.end())
    	{
    		cout << "Find it:" << endl;
    		size_t n = am.count(66);
    		for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
    		{
    			cout<<fi->first << "=" << fi->second.c_str() << endl;
    			fi++;
    		}
    	}
    	else
    		cout << "No Find!" << endl;
    
    
    	if (a.erase(-1)>0)
    		cout << endl << "delete success!" << endl;
    
    	multimap<int, string>::iterator p = am.find(66);
    	if (p != am.end())
    	{
    		am.erase(p);
    		cout << "delete 66 success!" << endl;
    
    	}
    
    	am.erase(am.lower_bound(180), am.upper_bound(1000));
    
    
    	system("pause");
    	return 0;
    }

2、队列

队列queue  FIFO先进先出  双端操作只能用list、deque而不能用vector作队列（容器适配器不是原始的）

#include<iostream>
    #include<queue>
    #include<list>
    #include<deque>
    
    
    using namespace std;
    
    int main()
    {
    	queue<int, list<int>> a;
    	queue<int, deque<int>> b;
    	queue<int> c;
    
    	c.push(1);//压入数据
    	c.push(2);
    	c.push(3);
    	c.push(4);
    	c.push(5);
    	c.push(6);
    
    	cout << "队列里的数据：" << c.size() << endl;
    	cout << "对首data：" << c.front() << endl;
    	cout << "队尾数据;" << c.back() << endl;
    	c.pop();//对首删除
    	cout << "对首data：" << c.front() << endl;
    	while (c.size())
    	{
    		cout << c.front() << " ";
    		c.pop();
    
    	}
    	if (c.empty())
    		cout << "队列为空" << endl;
    	system("pause");
    	return 0;
    }

3、set

set（不重复）/multiset（可重复）  
红黑树（数据结构）  
基本操作：insert、count和find、erase不能通过find进行修改

demo：

#include<iostream>
    #include<set>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    template<typename T>
    void PrintC(T& a)
    {
    	T::iterator i = a.begin();
    	cout << "Imshow Data:"<<endl;
    	while (i != a.end())
    	{
    		cout << *i++ << endl;
    	}
    
    
    }
    int main()
    {
    	set<int> a;
    	a.insert(60);
    	a.insert(160);
    	a.insert(6);
    	a.insert(-1);
    	a.insert(0);
    	multiset<int>ma;
    	ma.insert(a.begin(),a.end());
    	ma.insert(60);
    	PrintC(a);
    	//cout << "imshow:" << endl;
    	//set<int>::iterator i = a.begin();
    	//for (; i != a.end();)
    	//	cout << *i++ << endl;
    	//cout << "a中有几个60:" << a.count(60) << endl;//要么1要么0
    	//cout << "imshow:" << endl;
    
    	/*multiset<int>::iterator i1 = ma.begin();
    	for (; i1 != ma.end();)
    		cout << *i1++ << endl;
    	cout << "ma中有几个60:" << ma.count(60) << endl;*/
    	cout << endl << endl;
    	ma.insert(-60);
    	ma.insert(-60);
    	ma.insert(-60);
    	int num;
    	cout << "要删除的数：";
    	cin >> num;
    	ma.erase(num);//全部删完
    	PrintC(ma);
    	
    	set<int>::iterator f = a.find(-1);//返回值为迭代器
    	if (f != a.end())
    		cout << "Find it:" << *f << endl;
    
    	system("pause");
    	return 0;
    }

4、栈

LIFO后进先出单端操作可以用list、deque、vector做栈

#include<iostream>
    #include<stack>
    #include<vector>
    #include<list>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    int main()
    {
    	
    	stack<int, deque<int>> a;
    	stack<int, vector<int>> b;
    	stack<int, list<int>> c;
    
    	stack<int>d;
    	d.push(25);
    	d.push(10);
    	d.push(1);
    	d.push(5);
    	cout << "How much data:" << d.size() << endl;
    	while (d.size())
    	{
    		//每top一个pop一下接着取以下元素
    		int x = d.top();//cheak data
    		d.pop();//delete
    
    		cout << x << endl;
    	}
    	cout << "还有多少:" << d.size() << endl;
    
    	system("pause");
    	return 0;
    }

5、STL算法  
![Center][] ![Center 1][] ![Center 2][] ![Center 2][] ![Center 3][] ![Center 4][] ![Center 5][] ![Center 6][] ![Center 7][] ![Center 8][]

[Center]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170509195421540?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvbTBfMzcyNjQzOTc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 1]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170509195432769?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvbTBfMzcyNjQzOTc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 2]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170509195441916?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvbTBfMzcyNjQzOTc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 3]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170509195449979?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvbTBfMzcyNjQzOTc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 4]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170509195454582?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvbTBfMzcyNjQzOTc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 5]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170509195500495?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvbTBfMzcyNjQzOTc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 6]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170509195508145?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvbTBfMzcyNjQzOTc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 7]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20170509195515011?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvbTBfMzcyNjQzOTc=/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 8]: /images/20220616/ada74d84fd374610aecde86cfb7457b1.png