ELK(ElasticSearch, Logstash, Kibana)+ SuperVisor + Springboot + Logback 搭建实时日志分析平台

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-06-15 03:51 178阅读 0赞

日志主要包括[系统][Link 1]日志、应用程序日志和安全日志。系统运维和开发人员可以通过日志了解服务器软硬件信息、检查配置过程中的错误及错误发生的原因。经常分析日志可以了解服务器的负荷，性能安全性，从而及时采取措施纠正错误。

通常，日志被分散的储存不同的设备上。如果你管理数十上百台服务器，你还在使用依次登录每台机器的传统方法查阅日志。这样是不是感觉很繁琐和效率低下。当务之急我们使用集中化的日志管理，例如：开源的syslog，将所有服务器上的日志收集汇总。

集中化管理日志后，日志的统计和检索又成为一件比较麻烦的事情，一般我们使用grep、awk和wc等[Linux][]命令能实现检索和统计，但是对于要求更高的查询、排序和统计等要求和庞大的机器数量依然使用这样的方法难免有点力不从心。

开源实时日志分析ELK平台能够完美的解决我们上述的问题，ELK由ElasticSearch、Logstash和Kiabana三个开源工具组成。官方网站： https://www.elastic.co/products

Elasticsearch是个开源分布式搜索引擎，它的特点有：分布式，零配置，自动发现，索引自动分片，索引副本机制，restful风格接口，多数据源，自动搜索负载等。 Logstash是一个完全开源的工具，他可以对你的日志进行收集、过滤，并将其存储供以后使用（如，搜索）。 Kibana 也是一个开源和免费的工具，它Kibana可以为 Logstash 和 ElasticSearch 提供的日志分析友好的 Web 界面，可以帮助您汇总、分析和搜索重要数据日志。

![ELK工作的原理图][ELK]

## Centos7 环境下的搭建 ##

### 1.JDK ###

下载linux的1.8 JDK 包，解压，进行如下配置：

vi ~/.bashrc
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_101
    export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
    exportCLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$CLASSPATH

**进入https://www.elastic.co/products，下载ElasticSearch，Logstash，Kibana linux下相关压缩包**

### 2.ElasticSearch ###

#### 安装： ####

tar -zxvf elasticsearch-2.4.0.tar.gz
    cd elasticsearch-2.4.0

#### 安装Head插件: ####

./bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head

#### 编辑ElasticSearch的配置文件: ####

vi config/elasticsearch.yml
    cluster.name=es_cluster
    node.name=node0
    path.data=/tmp/elasticsearch/data
    path.logs=/tmp/elasticsearch/logs
    #当前hostname或IP
    network.host=192.168.245.129
    network.port=9200

#### 启动elasticsearch ####

由于不能使用root身份启动，所以需要先创建一个用户，如：elk

adduser elk
    passwd elk    #输入两次密码。
    chown -R elk /你的elasticsearch安装目录  #root给elk赋权限
    ./bin/elasticsearch

可以看到，它跟其他的节点的传输端口为9300，接受HTTP请求的端口为9200。使用ctrl+C停止。当然，也可以使用后台进程的方式启动ES：

./bin/elasticsearch &

安装的head插件，它是一个用[浏览器][Link 2]跟ES集群交互的插件，可以查看集群状态、集群的doc内容、执行搜索和普通的Rest请求等。现在也可以使用它打开 **localhost:9200/\_plugin/head** 页面来查看ES集群状态：

### 3.Logstash ###

#### 安装： ####

tar -zxvf logstash-2.4.0.tar.gz
    cd logstash-2.4.0.tar.gz

#### 配置: ####

mkdir config #创建放置配置文件的目录
    vi config/log_to_es.conf

加入input,output配置：

input { 
       syslog {
         codec => "json"
         port => 514
       }
    }
    output {
        elasticsearch {
           hosts => ["192.168.245.129:9200"]
        }
    }

\- input：使用syslog udp方式来接收logback传输过来的日志,配置端口为514（默认就是514，可以根据需要随意指定），使用 netstat -anptu可以查看到启动的监听

tcp6       0      0 :::514                  :::*                    LISTEN      2869/java                
        udp6       0      0 :::514                  :::*                                2869/java

output：输出到elasticsearch，注意端口必须是http端口

#### 启动: ####

./bin/logstash agent -f config/log_to_es.conf

> 注意：要使用root身份进行启动

### 4.Kibana ###

#### 安装： ####

tar -zxvf kibana-4.6.1-linux-x86\_64.tar.gz  
cd kibana-4.6.1-linux-x86\_64

#### 配置： ####

vi config/kibana.yml

server.port: 5601
    server.host: 192.168.245.129
    elasticsearch.url: http://192.168.245.129:9200
    kibana.index: “.kibana”

#### 启动: ####

./bin/kibana

用浏览器打开该地址 http://192.168.245.129:5601，为了后续使用Kibana，需要配置至少一个Index名字或者Pattern，它用于在分析时确定ElasticSearch中的Index。

### 5.logback配置 ###

使用springboot+logback，将logback的记录的日志存储到elk中。

自定义的属性类：

@Component
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "myproperties", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
    public class MyProperties {
        private final CorsConfiguration cors = new CorsConfiguration();
    
        public CorsConfiguration getCors() {
            return cors;
        }
    
        private final Logging logging = new Logging();
    
        public Logging getLogging() { return logging; }
    
        public static class Logging {
    
            private final Logstash logstash = new Logstash();
    
            public Logstash getLogstash() { return logstash; }
    
            public static class Logstash {
    
                private boolean enabled = false;
    
                private String host = "localhost";
    
                private int port = 5000;
    
                private int queueSize = 512;
    
                public boolean isEnabled() { return enabled; }
    
                public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) { this.enabled = enabled; }
    
                public String getHost() { return host; }
    
                public void setHost(String host) { this.host = host; }
    
                public int getPort() { return port; }
    
                public void setPort(int port) { this.port = port; }
    
                public int getQueueSize() { return queueSize; }
    
                public void setQueueSize(int queueSize) { this.queueSize = queueSize; }
            }
    
        }
    }

日志配置类:

@Configuration  
    public class LoggingConfiguration {
    
        private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggingConfiguration.class);
    
        private LoggerContext context = (LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();
    
    //    @Value("${spring.application.name}")
        private String appName="Example";
    
    //    @Value("${server.port}")
        private String serverPort="8089";
    
        @Autowired
        private MyProperties myPro;
    
        @PostConstruct
        private void init() {
            if (myPro.getLogging().getLogstash().isEnabled()) {
                addLogstashAppender();
            }
        }
    
        public void addLogstashAppender() {
            log.info("Initializing Logstash logging");
    
            LogstashSocketAppender logstashAppender = new LogstashSocketAppender();
            logstashAppender.setName("LOGSTASH");
            logstashAppender.setContext(context);
            String customFields = "{\"app_name\":\"" + appName + "\",\"app_port\":\"" + serverPort + "\"}";
    
            // Set the Logstash appender config from JHipster properties
            logstashAppender.setSyslogHost(myPro.getLogging().getLogstash().getHost());
            logstashAppender.setPort(myPro.getLogging().getLogstash().getPort());
            logstashAppender.setCustomFields(customFields);
    
            //添加日志功率，只有warn和error才记录到elk stack中
            logstashAppender.addFilter(new Filter() {
                @Override
                public FilterReply decide(ILoggingEvent event) {
                    if(event.getLevel() == Level.ERROR || event.getLevel()==Level.WARN){
                        return FilterReply.ACCEPT;
                    }
                    return FilterReply.DENY;
                }
            });
            // Limit the maximum length of the forwarded stacktrace so that it won't exceed the 8KB UDP limit of logstash
            ShortenedThrowableConverter throwableConverter = new ShortenedThrowableConverter();
            throwableConverter.setMaxLength(7500);
            throwableConverter.setRootCauseFirst(true);
            logstashAppender.setThrowableConverter(throwableConverter);
    
            logstashAppender.start();
    
            // Wrap the appender in an Async appender for performance
            AsyncAppender asyncLogstashAppender = new AsyncAppender();
            asyncLogstashAppender.setContext(context);
            asyncLogstashAppender.setName("ASYNC_LOGSTASH");
            asyncLogstashAppender.setQueueSize(myPro.getLogging().getLogstash().getQueueSize());
            asyncLogstashAppender.addAppender(logstashAppender);
            asyncLogstashAppender.start();
    
            context.getLogger("ROOT").addAppender(asyncLogstashAppender);
        }
    }

> 注意：日志过滤可以通过添加logback appender的filter方式，或是采用logstash filter的drop插件,如：

filter {
          if ([message] =~ "^toElk") {
          }else {
             drop {}
          }
    }

### 6.长期运行程序 ###

使用supervisor来管理elk stack进程。

#### 1.安装： ####

先安装setuptools:

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python

再安装supervisor：

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/80/37/964c0d53cbd328796b1aeb7abea4c0f7b0e8c7197ea9b0b9967b7d004def/supervisor-3.3.1.tar.gz
    tar zxvf supervisor-3.3.1.tar.gz
    cd supervisor-3.3.1
    python setup.py install

#### 2.配置: ####

创建supervisor配置文件：

echo_supervisord_conf  >/etc/supervisord.conf
    vi /etc/supervisord.conf

取消以下的注释,并修改IP为0.0.0.0

[inet_http_server]         ; inet (TCP) server disabled by default
    port=0.0.0.0:9001        ; (ip_address:port specifier, *:port for all iface)
    username=user              ; (default is no username (open server))
    password=123               ; (default is no password (open server))

#### 3.supervisor启动文件: ####

vi /etc/init.d/supervisord
    
    #! /bin/sh
    PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    
    PROGNAME=supervisord
    
    DAEMON=/usr/bin/$PROGNAME
    
    CONFIG=/etc/$PROGNAME.conf
    
    PIDFILE=/tmp/$PROGNAME.pid
    
    DESC="supervisord daemon"
    
    SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$PROGNAME
    
    # Gracefully exit if the package has been removed.
    
    test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
    
    start()
    
    {
            echo -n "Starting $DESC: $PROGNAME"
            $DAEMON -c $CONFIG
            echo "..."
    }
    
    stop()
    
    {
            echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $PROGNAME"
            supervisor_pid=$(cat $PIDFILE)
            kill -15 $supervisor_pid
            echo "..."
    }
    
    case "$1" in
      start)
            start
            ;;
      stop)
            stop
            ;;
      restart)
            stop
            start
            ;;
      *)
    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart}" >&2
    exit 1
    ;;
    esac
    exit 0

#### 4.设置管理的进程 ####

vi /usr/local/supervisor_ini.ini

加入：

[program:elasticsearch]
    directory=/usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0
    command=/usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch
    ;process_name=elasticsearch ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
    user=elk
    numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
    priority=1                  ; the relative start priority (default 999)
    autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
    ;startsecs=1                   ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
    startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
    autorestart=true        ; when to restart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
    stopasgroup=true             ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
    killasgroup=true
    redirect_stderr=true
    stdout_logfile=/tmp/supervisor_elasticsearch.log
    
    
    [program:logstash]
    directory=/usr/local/logstash-2.4.0
    command=/usr/local/logstash-2.4.0/bin/logstash agent -f /usr/local/logstash-2.4.0/config/to_es.conf
    ;process_name=logstash ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
    numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
    priority=2                  ; the relative start priority (default 999)
    autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
    ;startsecs=1                   ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
    startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
    autorestart=true        ; when to restart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
    ;exitcodes=0,2                 ; 'expected' exit codes used with autorestart (default 0,2)
    ;stopsignal=QUIT               ; signal used to kill process (default TERM)
    ;stopwaitsecs=10               ; max num secs to wait b4 SIGKILL (default 10)
    stopasgroup=true             ; send stop signal to the UNIX process group (default false)
    killasgroup=true             ; SIGKILL the UNIX process group (def false)
    redirect_stderr=true          ; redirect proc stderr to stdout (default false)
    stdout_logfile=/tmp/supervisor_logstash.log       ; stdout log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
    ;stdout_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
    ;stdout_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stdout logfile backups (default 10)
    ;stdout_capture_maxbytes=1MB   ; number of bytes in 'capturemode' (default 0)
    ;stdout_events_enabled=false   ; emit events on stdout writes (default false)
    ;stderr_logfile=/a/path        ; stderr log path, NONE for none; default AUTO
    ;stderr_logfile_maxbytes=1MB   ; max # logfile bytes b4 rotation (default 50MB)
    ;stderr_logfile_backups=10     ; # of stderr logfile backups (default 10)
    ;environment=A="1",B="2"       ; process environment additions (def no adds)
    
    [program:kibana]
    directory=/usr/local/kibana-4.6.1-linux-x86_64
    command=/usr/local/kibana-4.6.1-linux-x86_64/bin/kibana
    ;process_name=kibana ; process_name expr (default %(program_name)s)
    numprocs=1                    ; number of processes copies to start (def 1)
    priority=3                  ; the relative start priority (default 999)
    autostart=true                ; start at supervisord start (default: true)
    ;startsecs=1                   ; # of secs prog must stay up to be running (def. 1)
    startretries=3                ; max # of serial start failures when starting (default 3)
    autorestart=true        ; when to restart if exited after running (def: unexpected)
    redirect_stderr=true
    stdout_logfile=/tmp/supervisor_kibana.log
    
    
    [group:elk_stack]
    programs=elasticsearch,logstash,kibana  ; each refers to 'x' in [program:x] definitions
    priority=1

修改/etc/supervisord.conf文件，加入如下：

[include]
    files = /usr/local/supervisor_ini/*.ini

#### 5.启停supervisor: ####

/etc/init.d/supervisor start
    /etc/init.d/supervisor stop

#### 6.通过web界面查看： ####

浏览器打开：http://127.0.0.1:9001，输入配置的user/123进入管理界面

[Link 1]: http://www.2cto.com/os/
[Linux]: http://www.2cto.com/os/linux/
[ELK]: http://www.2cto.com/uploadfile/Collfiles/20160920/20160920092024166.png
[Link 2]: http://www.2cto.com/os/liulanqi/