使用Spring MVC创建REST服务

Love The Way You Lie 2022-06-14 22:49 162阅读 0赞

《Spring实战（第4版）》第16章介绍了使用Spring MVC创建REST API的方法，本博文整理了一个简单的例子作为入门，记录下来。

本例子源代码下载地址为：  
[使用Spring MVC创建REST服务简单例子][Spring MVC_REST]

一、使用idea创建Maven工程  
工程结构图如下所示：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

pom.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.wu.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>springrest</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        <packaging>war</packaging>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <springframework.version>4.3.8.RELEASE</springframework.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${springframework.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
                <version>${springframework.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
                <version>2.8.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>

二、创建User类

public class User {
        private Integer id;
        private String username;
        private String password;
        //为节省篇幅，此处省略get/set
    }

三、创建UserController

package com.wu.demo.springrest.controller;
    
    import com.wu.demo.springrest.bean.User;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public class UserController {
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/getByUsername/{username}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public User getByUsername(@PathVariable String username){
            User o = new User();
            o.setId(1);
            o.setUsername(username);
            o.setPassword("123456");
            return o;
        }
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public List<User> getByUsername(){
            List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
            User o1 = new User();
            o1.setId(1);
            o1.setUsername("admin");
            o1.setPassword("123456");
    
            User o2 = new User();
            o2.setId(2);
            o2.setUsername("test");
            o2.setPassword("123456");
    
            list.add(o1);
            list.add(o2);
            return list;
        }
    }

四、MVC配置类如下：

package com.wu.demo.springrest.conf;
    
    
            import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
            import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
            import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
            import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
    
    @EnableWebMvc
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = {
       "com.wu.demo.springrest"})
    public class MvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
    
        @Override
        public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
            configurer.enable();
        }
    }

工程主配置类如下：

package com.wu.demo.springrest.conf;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
    
    public class WebApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { 
    
        @Override
        protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
            return null;
        }
    
        @Override
        protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
            return new Class[] { MvcConfig.class };
        }
    
        @Override
        protected String[] getServletMappings() {
            return new String[] { "/" };
        }
    }

五、部署测试  
部署到Tomcat，然后通过浏览器访问测试如下：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

极简配置创建REST服务，更多功能需要更多研究。

本例子源代码下载地址为：  
[使用Spring MVC创建REST服务简单例子][Spring MVC_REST]

[Spring MVC_REST]: http://download.csdn.net/detail/wu_boy/9845061
[SouthEast]: /images/20220615/ce7e499709714ff280b22426707c6d06.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220615/f1379a266dd34334bd5d4425db72fec2.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220615/cb398d3c28e74ec599218e284024b711.png