spring和springMVC父子容器的原理

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2022-06-14 01:58 165阅读 0赞

要想很好理解这两个上下文的关系，需要先熟悉spring是怎样在web容器中启动起来的。spring的启动过程其实就是其IoC容器的启动过程，对于web程序，IoC容器启动过程即是建立上下文的过程。

## spring的启动过程： ##

1.  首先，对于一个web应用，其部署在web容器中，web容器提供其一个全局的上下文环境，这个上下文就是ServletContext，其为后面的spring IoC容器提供宿主环境；
2.  其次，在web.xml中会提供有contextLoaderListener。在web容器启动时，会触发容器初始化事件，此时contextLoaderListener会监听到这个事件，其contextInitialized方法会被调用，在这个方法中，spring会初始化一个启动上下文，这个上下文被称为根上下文，即WebApplicationContext，这是一个接口类，确切的说，其实际的实现类是XmlWebApplicationContext。这个就是spring的IoC容器，其对应的Bean定义的配置由web.xml中的context-param标签指定。在这个IoC容器初始化完毕后，spring以WebApplicationContext.ROOTWEBAPPLICATIONCONTEXTATTRIBUTE为属性Key，将其存储到ServletContext中，便于获取；
3.  再次，contextLoaderListener监听器初始化完毕后，开始初始化web.xml中配置的Servlet，这个servlet可以配置多个，以最常见的DispatcherServlet为例，这个servlet实际上是一个标准的前端控制器，用以转发、匹配、处理每个servlet请求。DispatcherServlet上下文在初始化的时候会建立自己的IoC上下文，用以持有spring mvc相关的bean。在建立DispatcherServlet自己的IoC上下文时，会利用WebApplicationContext.ROOTWEBAPPLICATIONCONTEXTATTRIBUTE先从ServletContext中获取之前的根上下文(即WebApplicationContext)作为自己上下文的parent上下文。有了这个parent上下文之后，再初始化自己持有的上下文。这个DispatcherServlet初始化自己上下文的工作在其initStrategies方法中可以看到，大概的工作就是初始化处理器映射、视图解析等。这个servlet自己持有的上下文默认实现类也是mlWebApplicationContext。初始化完毕后，spring以与servlet的名字相关(此处不是简单的以servlet名为Key，而是通过一些转换，具体可自行查看源码)的属性为属性Key，也将其存到ServletContext中，以便后续使用。这样每个servlet就持有自己的上下文，即拥有自己独立的bean空间，同时各个servlet共享相同的bean，即根上下文(第2步中初始化的上下文)定义的那些bean。

说完了spring上下文的初始化过程，这三个上下文的关系应该就了解了。

最近在做项目时牵扯到有关父子上下文的概念，何为父子上下文呢？

父上下文：

使用listener监听器来加载配置文件，如下：

[?][Link 1]

Spring 会创建一个WebApplicationContext上下文，称为父上下文（父容器），保存在 ServletContext中，key是WebApplicationContext.ROOT\_WEB\_APPLICATION\_CONTEXT\_ATTRIBUTE的值。

可以使用Spring提供的工具类取出上下文对象：WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext);

子上下文：

使用Spring MVC 来处理拦截相关的请求时，会配置DispatchServlet：

[?][Link 1]

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      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">servlet-class</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:red; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">init-param</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:red; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">param-name</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;contextConfigLocation&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">param-name</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:red; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">param-value</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;/WEB-INF/applicationContext-mvc.xml&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">param-value</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:red; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">init-param</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:red; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">load-on-startup</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;1&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">load-on-startup</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">servlet</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">servlet-mapping</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:red; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">servlet-name</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;dispatcherServlet&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">servlet-name</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:red; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">url-pattern</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;/&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">url-pattern</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; white-space:pre!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&lt;/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; font-weight:bold!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">servlet-mapping</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; outline:0px!important; border:0px currentColor!important; left:auto!important; top:auto!important; width:auto!important; height:auto!important; right:auto!important; bottom:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; overflow:visible!important; font-family:Consolas,'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono','Courier New',Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; float:none!important; position:static!important; min-height:auto!important">&gt;</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

每个DispatchServlet会有一个自己的上下文，称为子上下文，它也保存在 ServletContext中，key 是"org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.CONTEXT"+Servlet名称。当一 个Request对象产生时，会把这个子上下文对象（WebApplicationContext）保存在Request对象中，key是 DispatcherServlet.class.getName() + ".CONTEXT"。

可以使用工具类取出上下文对象：RequestContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(request);

父上下文（父容器）和子上下文（子容器）的访问权限：

子上下文可以访问父上下文中的bean，但是父上下文不可以访问子上下文中的bean。

父上下文使用与否

方案一，传统型：

父上下文容器中保存数据源、服务层、DAO层、事务的Bean。

子上下文容器中保存Mvc相关的Action的Bean.

事务控制在服务层。

由于父上下文容器不能访问子上下文容器中内容，事务的Bean在父上下文容器中，无法访问子上下文容器中内容，就无法对子上下文容器中Action进行AOP（事务）。

当然，做为“传统型”方案，也没有必要这要做。

方案二，激进型：

Java世界的“面向接口编程”的思想是正确的，但在增删改查为主业务的系统里，Dao层接口，Dao层实现类，Service层接口，Service层实现类，Action父类，Action。再加上众多的O(vo\\po\\bo)和jsp页面。写一个小功能 7、8个类就写出来了。 开发者说我就是想接点私活儿，和PHP，ASP抢抢饭碗，但我又是Java程序员。最好的结果是大项目能做好，小项目能做快。所以“激进型”方案就出现了-----没有接口、没有Service层、还可以没有众多的O(vo\\po\\bo)。那没有Service层事务控制在哪一层？只好上升的Action层。

本文不想说这是不是正确的思想，我想说的是Spring不会限制你这样做。

由于有了父子上下文，你将无法实现这一目标。解决方案是只使用子上下文容器，不要父上下文容器 。所以数据源、服务层、DAO层、事务的Bean、Action的Bean都放在子上下文容器中。就可以实现了，事务（注解事务）就正常工作了。这样才够激进。

总结：不使用listener监听器来加载spring的配置文件，只使用DispatcherServlet来加载spring的配置，不要父子上下文，只使用一个DispatcherServlet，事情就简单了，什么麻烦事儿也没有了。

Java--大项目能做好--按传统方式做，规规矩矩的做，好扩展，好维护。

Java--小项目能做快--按激进方式做，一周时间就可以出一个版本，先上线接受市场(用户)的反馈，再改进，再反馈，时间就是生命(成本)。

[Link 1]: http://my.oschina.net/jast90/blog/282773#