搭建环境

叁歲伎倆 2022-06-13 07:50 383阅读 0赞

> Django仿天猫项目

### 一、 创建虚拟环境 ###

*  python版本：python3
 *  windows下python虚拟环境管理工具virtualenv & virtualenvwrapper

mkvirtualenv django_tmall
    workon django_tmall

### 二、 下载并安装xadmin ###

> xadmin的安装文档： [https://xadmin.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quickstart.html][https_xadmin.readthedocs.io_en_latest_quickstart.html]

有两种安装方式，这里选择**源码安装**：  
下载xadmin

# git clone 方式下载
    git clone git@github.com:sshwsfc/django-xadmin
    
    # 解压并进入目录
    # 安装需要的包
    pip install -r requirements.txt

requirements.txt中的包有：

django~=1.9.0
    django-crispy-forms~=1.6.0
    django-reversion~=2.0.0
    django-formtools==1.0
    future==0.15.2
    httplib2==0.9.2
    six==1.10.0

所以项目的Django版本是1.9.13

### 创建项目所需的mysql数据库 ###

数据库名： django_tmall
    为本项目创建一个用户，用户名：djangotmall
    用户密码：djangotmall321
    权限：该用户拥有对django_tmall数据库的所有权限

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

### 三、 创建Django项目 ###

*  使用Pycharm创建Django项目，并指定上面步骤创建的虚拟环境
 *  新建apps, extra\_apps, media, static 等文件夹，并在 apps, extra\_apps下添加**init**.py空文件
 *  将xadmin源码复制到extra\_apps下

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

*  修改settings.py
    
        import sys
        
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
        BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
        
        
        # 将apps和extra_apps添加Django的路径中
        
        sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'apps'))
        sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'extra_apps'))
        
        
        # INSTALLED_APPS中添加xadmin
        
        INSTALLED_APPS = [
            ……
            'xadmin',
            'crispy_forms',
            'reversion',
        ]
        
        
        # 将修改数据库配置，改为mysql
        
        DATABASES = {
            'default': {
                'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
                'NAME': "django_tmall",
                'USER': 'djangotmall',
                'PASSWORD': "djangotmall321",
                'HOST': "127.0.0.1"
            }
        }
        
        
        # 系统语言配置,改为中文
        
        LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
        TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
        
        
        # 添加资源路径
        
        STATIC_URL = '/static/'
        STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
        MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
        MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
 *  安装mysql驱动

pip install pymysql

在项目settings.py同目录下的init.py中添加

import  pymysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

*  迁移数据库

python manage.py makemigrations
    python manage.py migrate

*  创建超级用户

python manage.py createsuperuser

*  项目创建成功，访问： [http://127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin/][http_127.0.0.1_8000_xadmin]  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]

### 遇到的问题 ###

我最开始安装的Django的版本是1.10，用该版本创建的Django的settings.py中

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

而后来pip install -r requirements.txt 安装xadmin的requirements后的Django的版本变为了1.9.13，而Django1.9~及之前的版本settings.py中应该是这样  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 5]

由于版本变动的问题，没有改正MIDDLEWARE\_CLASSES，所以访问[http://127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin/][http_127.0.0.1_8000_xadmin] 的时候报下面的异常：  
AttributeError: ‘WSGIRequest’ object has no attribute ‘user’

Internal Server Error: /xadmin/
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "E:\Envs\django_tmall\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 149, in get_response
        response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
      File "E:\Envs\django_tmall\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 147, in get_response
        response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
      File "E:\小旋锋的文件\大三下-课程\django仿天猫\django_tmall\extra_apps\xadmin\sites.py", line 300, in wrapper
        return self.admin_view(view, cacheable)(*args, **kwargs)
      File "E:\Envs\django_tmall\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\cache.py", line 57, in _wrapped_view_func
        response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
      File "E:\小旋锋的文件\大三下-课程\django仿天猫\django_tmall\extra_apps\xadmin\sites.py", line 206, in inner
        if not self.has_permission(request) and getattr(view, 'need_site_permission', True):
      File "E:\小旋锋的文件\大三下-课程\django仿天猫\django_tmall\extra_apps\xadmin\sites.py", line 161, in has_permission
        return request.user.is_active and request.user.is_staff
    AttributeError: 'WSGIRequest' object has no attribute 'user'
    [01/Jul/2017 19:06:09] "GET /xadmin/ HTTP/1.1" 500 78215

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 6]

把settings.py中的MIDDLEWARE改为MIDDLEWARE\_CLASSES即可正常访问

[https_xadmin.readthedocs.io_en_latest_quickstart.html]: https://xadmin.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quickstart.html
[SouthEast]: /images/20220613/d1c8e95934b74fd988cb7a6663256116.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220613/cffce92873264fb39fb381312172330d.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220613/1af351e68bbe4732a0bc2437c7654706.png
[http_127.0.0.1_8000_xadmin]: http://127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin/
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20220613/1ebfe327e9a34c5dbe24982e9d0e7263.png
[SouthEast 4]: /images/20220613/d7aefca4aa7d49eeb8cac764d15117f9.png
[SouthEast 5]: /images/20220613/1c04a5cb20f54c90a15c34a9acfd3963.png
[SouthEast 6]: /images/20220613/aad99d5937534927bcf4a2ca97a22788.png