[Oracle] CentOS6.7安装Oracle11gR2

た入场券 2022-06-13 06:26 228阅读 0赞

1. 安装环境  
Linux: 64位CentOS release 6.7 (Final)  
Oracle:linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip & linux.x64\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip  
2. 安装前准备  
1.1 安装依赖包  
安装Oracle需要的RPM支持包，安装前可以rpm-qa | grep xxx检查一下是否已经存在，存在不需要再安装

[root@hadoop ~]# yum install binutils
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install compat-libcap1
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install elfutils
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install elfutils-libelf-devel
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-static
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install expat
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install gcc
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install gcc-c++
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install glibc
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install glibc-common
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install glibc-devel
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install glibc-headers
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install kernel-headers
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install ksh
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install libaio
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install libaio-devel
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install libgcc
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install libgomp
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install libstdc++
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install libstdc++-devel
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install make
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install numactl
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install numactl-devel
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install sysstat
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install unixODBC
    [root@hadoop ~]# yum install unixODBC-driver

2.1 安装JDK

安装JDK

[root@hadoop ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm
    [root@hadoop ~]# java -version

设置环境变量

[root@hadoop ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh

写入以下内容

#!/bin/bash
    JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/
    PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
    export PATH JAVA_HOME
    export CLASSPATH=.

赋予权限

[root@hadoop ~]# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh 
    [root@hadoop ~]# ls -ltr /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh 
    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 113 Jun  1 16:33 /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh
    [root@hadoop ~]# source /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh 
    [root@hadoop ~]# whereis java
    java: /usr/bin/java /etc/java /usr/lib/java /usr/share/java /usr/share/man/man1/java.1
    [root@hadoop ~]#  ~]# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh 
    [root@hadoop ~]# ls -ltr /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh 
    -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 113 Jun  1 16:33 /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh
    [root@hadoop ~]# source /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh 
    [root@hadoop ~]# whereis java
    java: /usr/bin/java /etc/java /usr/lib/java /usr/share/java /usr/share/man/man1/java.1
    [root@hadoop ~]#

3.1 安装浏览器

[root@hadoop ~]# yum install firefox

4.1 创建oracle用户和组

[root@hadoop ~]# groupadd oinstall
    [root@hadoop ~]# groupadd dba
    [root@hadoop ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /mysite/oracle oracle
    [root@hadoop ~]# passwd oracle(oracle)

5.1 置服务器内核配置参数  
置服务器内核配置参数，保证Oracle正常运行（Oracle启动需要较多的资源）

[root@hadoop ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在结尾写入

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
    fs.file-max = 6815744
    kernel.shmall = 2097152
    kernel.shmmax = 536870912
    kernel.shmmni = 4096
    kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default = 262144
    net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 262144
    net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

使配置生效

[root@hadoop ~]# sysctl -p

6.1 配置用户资源限制  
按照官方文档里面要求依次检查是否符合最大最小值区间，不符合的在配置文件里修改。

[root@hadoop ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
    写入
    oracle             soft    nofile           4096
    oracle             hard    nofile           65536
    oracle             soft    nproc            2047
    oracle             hard    nproc            16384
    oracle             soft    stack            10240
    oracle             hard    stack            32768

注意这里配置的是oracle用户的资源限制，配置完成后切换到oracle用户再检查。  
7.1 创建oracle安装文件夹和存放数据的文件夹

[root@hadoop ~]# su oracle
    [oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ umask
    0022
    [oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/app
    [oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/app/oraInventory [oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/app/oracle [oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product [oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/tmp
    [oracle@hadoop ~]$ chmod a+wr /mysite/oracle/tmp

8.1 配置oracle用户的环境变量

[oracle@hadoop ~]$ vi /mysite/oracle/.bash_profile

写入配置

export ORACLE_BASE=/mysite/oracle/app
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
    export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
    export ORACLE_SID=orcl
    export ORACLE_PID=orcl
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
    export CLASSPATH==.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
    export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
    export TMP=/mysite/oracle/tmp
    export TMPDIR=/mysite/oracle/tmp

让配置生效

[oracle@hadoop ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

3. 安装Oracle  
9.1 下载解压  
从oracle官网下载Linux安装包，拷贝到服务器上oracle家目录下解压

[root@vm oracle]# pwd
    /mysite/oracle
    [root@vm oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
    [root@vm oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
    [root@vm oracle]# ls -ltr
    total 2295612
    drwxr-xr-x. 8 root   root           4096 Aug 21  2009 database
    drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall       4096 Jun 26 15:39 app
    drwxrwxrwx. 2 oracle oinstall       4096 Jun 26 15:59 tmp
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     1239269270 Jun 26 16:25 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     1111416131 Jun 26 16:25 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
    [root@vm oracle]#

10.1 运行安装  
切换oracle用户，运行安装

[root@vm oracle]# su oracle
    [oracle@hadoop ~]$ cd database/
    [oracle@vm database]$ ./runInstaller

即弹出可视化窗口，安装oracle  
![Center][]![Center 1][]![Center 2][]![Center 3][]![Center 4][]![Center 5][]![Center 6][]![Center 7][]![Center 8][]![Center 9][]![Center 10][]![Center 11][]![Center 12][]![Center 13][]

使用统一密码, oracleAdmin1  
![Center 14][]![Center 15][]![Center 16][]![Center 17][]![Center 18][]![Center 19][]![Center 20][]

password management这里，可以修改用户的密码。

oracle管理主要用以下四个用户：

超级管理员：sys / change\_on\_install

普通管理员：system / manager

普通用户： scott / tiger ； -> 默认是被锁定的

大数据用户： sh / sh

点击OK之后出来一个对话框，要求执行两条命令

![Center 21][]

新开一个shell窗口，执行两条命令

[root@hadoop ~]# /mysite/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
    Changing permissions of /mysite/oracle/oraInventory.
    Adding read,write permissions for group.
    Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
    
    Changing groupname of /mysite/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
    The execution of the script is complete.
    [root@hadoop ~]# /mysite/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh 
    Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
    
    The following environment variables are set as:
        ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
        ORACLE_HOME=  /mysite/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
    
    Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: /usr/local/bin
       Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
       Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
       Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
    
    Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
    Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
    Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
    Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
    Finished product-specific root actions.
    [root@hadoop ~]#

执行完成之后回到页面上点OK，完成安装。

![Center 22][]

单击close，安装完成。

4. 启动oracle  
11.1 手动启动oracle

[root@ vm-vc02-SR910 ~]# cp /mysite/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/sqlplus /bin/
    [root@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]# su - oracle
    [oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ lsnrctl start
    [oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jun 27 11:06:09 2017
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    Connected to an idle instance.
    
    SQL> startup
    ORACLE instance started.
    
    Total System Global Area 6680915968 bytes
    Fixed Size      2213936 bytes
    Variable Size   3556771792 bytes
    Database Buffers  3087007744 bytes
    Redo Buffers     34922496 bytes
    Database mounted.
    Database opened.
    SQL>

至此，oracle启动成功  
12.1 设置oracle开机自启动  
1. 修改oratab

[root@vm-vc02-SR910 bin]# vi /etc/oratab
    修改 orcl:/mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N
    为orcl:/mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

2. 修改dbstart，dbshut

[root@vm-vc02-SR910 bin]# vi /mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart
    修改# ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
    为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
    [root@vm-vc02-SR910 bin]# vi /mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbshut
    修改# ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
    为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

添加内容到rc.local中

[root@vm-vc02-SR910 bin]#  vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
    写入
    su - oracle -c  "lsnrctl start"
    su - oracle -c  "dbstart"

2.1.1 访问数据库  
1.1.1.1 本机直接通过sock方式访问，IPC （UDP协议）

[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

2.1.1.1 通过tcp建立连接到oracle服务器  
oracle网络配置  
tnsname.ora  
listener.ora  
两种网络访问的方式

[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracleAdmin1@ORCL as sysdba

不需要任何配置，但oracle必须在listener.ora定义

[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracleAdmin1@10.10.8.88:1521/ORCL as sysdba

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