Python中使用GoogleMaps API(包含Geocoding API，Places API Web Service )详细教程

Myth丶恋晨 2022-06-11 08:39 793阅读 0赞

# 前言 #

业务需要根据经纬度获取该城市的邮政编码，需要通过调用GoogleMaps来搜索地点，来获取地点的详细信息。于是查阅了一些相关的资料，特意分享出来给大家参考参考。  
涉及相关的资料：  
google官方文档  
GoogleMaps Geocoding API：[https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/geocoding-strategies][https_developers.google.com_maps_documentation_geocoding_geocoding-strategies]  
GoogleMaps Places API Web Service：[https://developers.google.com/places/web-service/search?hl=zh-tw][https_developers.google.com_places_web-service_search_hl_zh-tw]

使用的python包：  
[http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places][http_github.com_slimkrazy_python-google-places]  
[https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-services-python][https_github.com_googlemaps_google-maps-services-python]

# 前提条件：你能够正常访问Google！ #

如果不能正常访问到google就想用GoogleMaps，那这就比较尴尬了，我也很无奈。

## 1.准备工作 ##

你得有个google账号，打开[https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials?project=imperial-palace-174906&authuser=0][https_console.developers.google.com_apis_credentials_project_imperial-palace-174906_authuser_0]

### 1.1创建google项目获取项目秘钥 ###

如果还没创建项目的话，那先创建个项目,我这里是创建了一个googlemaps的项目  
![googlemaps项目及其秘钥][googlemaps]  
请记住3中圈中的秘钥，我们代码中要使用到。

### 1.2在项目中添加googleMaps服务：Google Maps Geocoding API，Google Places API Web Service ###

在刚刚创建的项目库中，添加googleMaps的Google Maps Geocoding API和Google Places API Web Service  
![项目库中添加googlemap服务][googlemap]  
（由于我已经添加了，所以列表中是没有显示的）

### 1.3然后在信息中心就可以看到你刚才添加的两个maps服务 ###

![信息中心][SouthEast]  
上面的图片是最近是用项目秘钥请求这个maps服务的一些图标

## 2.安装python所需的包（我使用的是python2.7.12版本） ##

两个包分别是：  
[http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places][http_github.com_slimkrazy_python-google-places] （**警示：这个包存在一个严重的bug**，详情：[http://blog.csdn.net/dongyouyuan/article/details/77169560][http_blog.csdn.net_dongyouyuan_article_details_77169560]）  
pip安装：pip install python-google-places  
[https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-services-python][https_github.com_googlemaps_google-maps-services-python]  
pip安装：pip install -U googlemaps  
你会发现googlemaps中也有python-google-places中的功能，想问我为毛还用一个第三方的包，然而我真的无言以对，鬼知道我当初为什么用这个包。0.0（我当时搜google maps places api python 第一个就是 [http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places][http_github.com_slimkrazy_python-google-places]就用了）后面看有没有时间，对比一下这包和google官方包的区别  
————-2017-08-04补充———————————————————————————————————–  
看了一下googlemaps中的python-google-places的功能，发现其返回地点的内容实在是少，只有寥寥无几的几个字段。 [http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places][http_github.com_slimkrazy_python-google-places]中详细程度真的是很厉害。所用用它是没错的

{
                "rating": 5, 
                "name": "STR Analytics", 
                "reference": "CmRRAAAAEyrq32Ve7RKLtI6CWpaAoTFrR2yVWlKTfnbNTmCRLj3yXcIs2k6H45JPPwPZyIpMPxEBfVIqdD9BTWekJliAvgX_OH-FJyYUWnso9oZ2CjN97I2GWhXTSK1TBUo3HBVxEhDRxa-R4nxh8UqHeJPi9LHtGhQ6VMxxTnuXCwm9vZgY0IcnTaqQhg", 
                "geometry": {
                    "location": {
                        "lat": 39.9148173, 
                        "lng": -105.1206877
                    }, 
                    "viewport": {
                        "northeast": {
                            "lat": 39.9158015802915, 
                            "lng": -105.1193284197085
                        }, 
                        "southwest": {
                            "lat": 39.9131036197085, 
                            "lng": -105.1220263802915
                        }
                    }
                }, 
                "place_id": "ChIJ1VlFO-Tta4cRGQHpjODHvXU", 
                "formatted_address": "11001 W 120th Ave, Broomfield, CO 80021, United States", 
                "id": "b0003b168c40b2d378933f440b7f9a4116187dc5", 
                "types": [
                    "point_of_interest", 
                    "establishment"
                ], 
                "icon": "https://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/place_api/icons/generic_business-71.png"
            },

—————2017-08-04补充完毕————————————————————————————————————

## 3.简单粗暴的代码 ##

#!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    # @Author: Dongyouyuan
    # @Software: PyCharm
    # @File: googleMap.py
    # @Time: 17-8-2 上午11:31
    
    from googleplaces import GooglePlaces
    import googlemaps
    
    import sys
    
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
    
    class GoogleMaps(object):
        """提供google maps服务"""
    
        def __init__(self):
    
            self._GOOGLE_MAPS_KEY = "你的秘钥"
            self._Google_Places = GooglePlaces(self._GOOGLE_MAPS_KEY)
            self._Google_Geocod = googlemaps.Client(key=self._GOOGLE_MAPS_KEY)
    
        def _text_search(self, query, language=None, location=None):
            """
            根据搜索字符串,请求google API传回推荐的列表
            :param query: 搜索字符串
            :param language: 语言
            :param location: 地区筛选
            :return:
            """
            # lat_lng = {"lat": "22.5745761", "lng": "113.9393772"}
            # 经纬度附近搜索
            # text_query_result = self.self._Google_Places.text_search(query='Gong Yuan', lat_lng=lat_lng)
            # location 为人可认识的名称
            # text_query_result = self.self._Google_Places.text_search(query='Tang Lang Shan', location='shenzhen')
            # 指定语言搜索
            text_query_result = self._Google_Places.text_search(query=query, language=language, location=location)
            return text_query_result.places
    
        def _reverse_geocode(self, lat, lng, language=None):
            """
            根据经纬度请求google API获取坐标信息,返回信息
            :param lat: 纬度
            :param lng:经度
            :param language:语言
            :return:
            """
            # 根据经纬度获取地址信息 pincode
            list_reverse_geocode_result = self._Google_Geocod.reverse_geocode((lat, lng), language=language)
            # print json.dumps(list_reverse_geocode_result, indent=4)
            return list_reverse_geocode_result
    
        def _return_reverse_geocode_info(self, lat, lng, language=None):
            """
            整理信息
            :param lat:纬度
            :param lng:经度
            :param language:语言
            :return:
            """
            list_reverse_geocode = self._reverse_geocode(lat, lng, language=language)
            if list_reverse_geocode:
                city = ''
                pincode = ''
                route = ''
                neighborhood = ''
                sublocality = ''
                administrative_area_level_1 = ''
                country = ''
                street_number = ''
                # 全名地址
                formatted_address = list_reverse_geocode[0]['formatted_address']
                for address_info in list_reverse_geocode[0]['address_components']:
                    # 城市标识为locality
                    if 'locality' in address_info['types']:
                        city = address_info['long_name']
                    # 邮政编码标识为postal_code
                    elif 'postal_code' in address_info['types']:
                        pincode = address_info['long_name']
                    # 街道路
                    elif 'route' in address_info['types']:
                        route = address_info['long_name']
                    # 相似地址名
                    elif 'neighborhood' in address_info['types']:
                        neighborhood = address_info['long_name']
                    # 地区名
                    elif 'sublocality' in address_info['types']:
                        sublocality = address_info['long_name']
                    # 省份
                    elif 'administrative_area_level_1' in address_info['types']:
                        administrative_area_level_1 = address_info['long_name']
                    # 国家
                    elif 'country' in address_info['types']:
                        country = address_info['long_name']
                    # 门牌号
                    elif 'street_number' in address_info['types']:
                        street_number = address_info['long_name']
                return {
       'city': city, 'pincode': pincode, 'route': route, 'neighborhood': neighborhood,
                        'sublocality': sublocality, 'administrative_area_level_1': administrative_area_level_1,
                        'country': country, 'formatted_address': formatted_address, 'street_number': street_number}
            else:
                return None
    
        def get_pincode_city(self, lat, lng, language=None):
            """
            根据经纬度获取该地区详细信息
            :param lat: 纬度
            :param lng: 经度
            :return:
            """
            reverse_geocode_info = self._return_reverse_geocode_info(lat, lng, language=language)
            if reverse_geocode_info:
                return {
       'city': reverse_geocode_info['city'], 'pincode': reverse_geocode_info['pincode']}
            else:
                return None
    
        def get_address_recommendation(self, query, language=None, location=None):
            """
            获取输入地址的推荐地址(最多返回5个)
            :param query: 搜索地址名称
            :param language: 语言
            :param location: 地区筛选
            :return:
            """
            return_size = 5
            list_return_info = list()
            list_places_text_search_result = self._text_search(query=query, language=language, location=location)
            # 默认返回5条数据
            if len(list_places_text_search_result) > return_size:
                list_places_text_search_result = list_places_text_search_result[:return_size]
            for place in list_places_text_search_result:
                result_geocode = self._return_reverse_geocode_info(place.geo_location['lat'], place.geo_location['lng'], language=language)
                # 数据不为空
                if result_geocode:
                    # 地点全路径加上地点名
                    result_geocode['formatted_address'] = '{} {}'.format(place.name, result_geocode['formatted_address'])
                    result_geocode['place_name'] = place.name
                    # 经纬度
                    result_geocode['lat'] = '{}'.format(place.geo_location['lat'])
                    result_geocode['lng'] = '{}'.format(place.geo_location['lng'])
                    list_return_info.append(result_geocode)
            return list_return_info
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        # 使用实例
        import json
        google_maps = GoogleMaps()
        result_recommendation_list = google_maps.get_address_recommendation(query='天河公园', language='zh', location='中国')
        pincode_city = google_maps.get_pincode_city(22.547143, 114.062753)
        print json.dumps(result_recommendation_list, indent=4, encoding='utf-8')
        print '*'*100
        print pincode_city

## 4.输出结果 ##

{
        "code": 0,
        "data": {
            "address_recommendation": [
                {
                    "administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
                    "city": "广州市",
                    "country": "中国",
                    "formatted_address": "天河公园 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园华翠街66号",
                    "lat": "23.1267447",
                    "lng": "113.3679628",
                    "neighborhood": "天河公园",
                    "pincode": "",
                    "place_name": "天河公园",
                    "route": "华翠街",
                    "street_number": "66",
                    "sublocality": "天河区"
                },
                {
                    "administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
                    "city": "广州市",
                    "country": "中国",
                    "formatted_address": "天河公园（东门） 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园华翠街66号",
                    "lat": "23.12583799999999",
                    "lng": "113.368506",
                    "neighborhood": "天河公园",
                    "pincode": "",
                    "place_name": "天河公园（东门）",
                    "route": "华翠街",
                    "street_number": "66",
                    "sublocality": "天河区"
                },
                {
                    "administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
                    "city": "广州市",
                    "country": "中国",
                    "formatted_address": "天河公园（西门） 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园天府路139号",
                    "lat": "23.128752",
                    "lng": "113.363186",
                    "neighborhood": "天河公园",
                    "pincode": "",
                    "place_name": "天河公园（西门）",
                    "route": "天府路",
                    "street_number": "139",
                    "sublocality": "天河区"
                },
                {
                    "administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
                    "city": "广州市",
                    "country": "中国",
                    "formatted_address": "天河公园（南1门） 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园黄埔大道中199号",
                    "lat": "23.12312",
                    "lng": "113.365254",
                    "neighborhood": "天河公园",
                    "pincode": "",
                    "place_name": "天河公园（南1门）",
                    "route": "黄埔大道中",
                    "street_number": "199",
                    "sublocality": "天河区"
                },
                {
                    "administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
                    "city": "广州市",
                    "country": "中国",
                    "formatted_address": "天河公园（北1门） 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园中山大道西246号-540号 邮政编码: 510640",
                    "lat": "23.131274",
                    "lng": "113.367319",
                    "neighborhood": "天河公园",
                    "pincode": "510640",
                    "place_name": "天河公园（北1门）",
                    "route": "中山大道西",
                    "street_number": "246号-540号",
                    "sublocality": "天河区"
                }
            ]
        },
        "msg": "ok"
    }
    ****************************************************************************************************
    {
       'city': u'Shenzhen Shi', 'pincode': u'518000'}

## 5.代码解析 ##

#### 以上代码已经有很清晰的注释了，但是我还是要简单明了的说一下吧。 ####

GoogleMaps类提供两个对外服务的方法：  
**get\_address\_recommendation**：根据用户的搜索字符和地区过滤，获得最多5条的返回结果，值得一提的是该函数的参数language是控制返回结果的语言，也就是说，你可以搜query是park，location=’America’,language=’zh’，  
**get\_pincode\_city**：根据经纬度获取该地区的邮政编码和城市名称（我做了截取，只截取了城市和邮政编码，事实上可以获取该地区的所有详细信息，你可以打印get\_pincode\_city方法里面的reverse\_geocode\_info变量，你会有惊喜的发现）

## 总结 ##

当然我只是根据业务要求做了一个特定的定制化，当然GoogleMaps是不止我用得那么简单的，其中还有更多有趣，高级的功能，希望有兴趣的同学可以继续深研下去。希望这篇文章能帮到大家，感谢各位！

[https_developers.google.com_maps_documentation_geocoding_geocoding-strategies]: https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/geocoding-strategies
[https_developers.google.com_places_web-service_search_hl_zh-tw]: https://developers.google.com/places/web-service/search?hl=zh-tw
[http_github.com_slimkrazy_python-google-places]: http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places
[https_github.com_googlemaps_google-maps-services-python]: https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-services-python
[https_console.developers.google.com_apis_credentials_project_imperial-palace-174906_authuser_0]: https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials?project=imperial-palace-174906&authuser=0
[googlemaps]: /images/20220611/658a1835d6b74805adff7f0061669438.png
[googlemap]: /images/20220611/2686a5056cb54c4c89b9fce63ac0a9ea.png
[SouthEast]: /images/20220611/5c58e597430d47639fd13a28c08e5f1c.png
[http_blog.csdn.net_dongyouyuan_article_details_77169560]: http://blog.csdn.net/dongyouyuan/article/details/77169560