Django 点滴记录

痛定思痛。 2022-06-10 13:11 122阅读 0赞

### 指定项目默认的 settings.py 配置文件 ###

如果环境变量中存在名称为 DJANGO\_SETTINGS\_MODULE 的变量，则该变量的值为项目的配置文件

在 pycharm 中设置环境变量

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

或者在项目的 wsgi.py 中设置

# 或者在项目的 wsgi.py 中设置
    import os
    from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
    # 指定默认的配置文件为：imooc.settings
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "imooc.settings")
    
    application = get_wsgi_application()

--------------------

### 设置在 xadmin 后台显示的 app 的名称，可在 app 的 apps.py 文件中设置 ###

例如，在 users 的 apps.py 中设置

from django.apps import AppConfig
    
    class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
        name = 'users'
        verbose_name = '用户信息'
    
    # 相应地，在其他 app 的 apps.py 中也设置
    from django.apps import AppConfig
    
    class CoursesConfig(AppConfig):
        name = 'courses'
        verbose_name = '课程管理'

结果：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

--------------------

### 让用户可以用邮箱登录 ###

#setting 里要有对应的配置
    class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):
        def authenticate(self, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
            try:
                # Q 查询
                user = UserProfile.objects.get(Q(username = username) | Q(email=username))
                if user.check_password(password):
                    return user
            except Exception as e:
                return None

--------------------

### 后台过滤数据 ###

# adminx.py 中配置，course 过滤掉轮播的课程
    class CourseAdmin:
        list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'learn_times', 'students', 'fav_nums',
                        'click_nums', 'add_time']
        search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'learn_times', 'students', 'fav_nums',
                        'click_nums']
        list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'learn_times', 'students', 'fav_nums', 'click_nums', 'add_time']
    
        ordering = ['-click_nums']
    
        # readonly_fields 和 exclude 的字段不要重复，否则会冲突
        readonly_fields = ['click_nums']
        exclude = ['fav_nums']
    
        #Inline # 添加课程的时候可以顺便添加章节、课程资源
        inlines = [LessonInline, CourseResourceInline]
    
        #重新在这里写一遍的原因是，避免数据重复
        def queryset(self):
            qs = super(CourseAdmin, self).queryset()
            qs = qs.filter(is_banner=False)
            return qs

--------------------

### 课程搜索 - Q 查询 ###

#课程搜索
            search_keywords = request.GET.get('keywords', '')
            if search_keywords:
                all_courses = all_courses.filter(
                    Q(name__icontains=search_keywords) |
                    Q(desc__icontains=search_keywords) |
                    Q(detail__icontains=search_keywords)
                )

### 得出学过该课程的同学还学过的课程 ###

# 复杂的查询
    user_courses = UserCourse.objects.filter(course=course)
    user_ids = [user_course.user.id for user_course in user_courses]
    all_user_courses =  UserCourse.objects.filter(user_id__in=user_ids)
    course_ids = [user_course.course.id for user_course in all_user_courses]

--------------------

### 表单字段自定义验证规则 ###

# 当然有很多框架提供的验证器
    class UserAskForm(forms.ModelForm):
        # 还可以新增字段
        # price = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=2, max_length=20)
    
        class Meta:
            model = UserAsk
            fields = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name']
    
        # def clean_name(self):
        # def clean_course_name(self):
        def clean_mobile(self):
            # 手机号验证
            mobile = self.cleaned_data['mobile']
            p = re.compile('^0\d{2,3}\d{7,8}$|^1[358]\d{9}$|^147\d{8}')
            if p.match(mobile):
                # 这里还能返回外键
                return mobile
            raise forms.ValidationError('手机号码格式不对', code='mobile_inval')

--------------------

### 发送邮件 ###

from random import Random
    import string
    from django.core.mail import send_mail
    from users.models import EmailVerifyRecord
    from imooc.settings import EMAIL_FROM
    
    def send_register_email(email, send_type='register'):
        email_record = EmailVerifyRecord()
        code = random_str(16)
        email_record.code = code
        email_record.email = email
        email_record.send_type = send_type
        email_record.save()
    
        if send_type == 'register':
            email_title = '慕学在线网注册激活链接'
            # http://118.89.105.65 是我自己的服务器 IP 地址，你部署的时候，请换成你自己的 IP 或 域名
            email_body = '请点击下面的链接激活你的账号：http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}（如果是线上环境，请把 http://127.0.0.1:8000 替换成 http://118.89.105.65 ）'.format(code)
            send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
            if send_status:
                # TODO
                print('发送成功')
    
        elif send_type == 'forget':
            email_title = '慕雪在线网密码重置链接'
            email_body = '请点击下面的链接重置你的密码：http://127.0.0.1:8000/reset/{0}（如果是线上环境，请把 http://127.0.0.1:8000 替换成 http://118.89.105.65 ）'.format(code)
    
            send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
            if send_status:
                # TODO 提示发送成功
                pass
    
    
    def random_str(random_length=16):
        code = ''
        # 26个大小写字母加数字
        chars = string.ascii_letters + str(string.digits)
        length = len(chars) - 1
    
        for i in range(random_length):
            code += chars[Random().randint(0, length)]
        return code

> 参考：高仿慕课网：py3.5 + Django1.10 + xadmin 搭建的在线课程教育平台  
> [https://github.com/zaxlct/imooc-django][https_github.com_zaxlct_imooc-django]

[SouthEast]: /images/20220610/5a574d97e2fb45ac99cb952d839514a9.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220610/f40de16461984b4d802433b21d1a2397.png
[https_github.com_zaxlct_imooc-django]: https://github.com/zaxlct/imooc-django