laravel中如何使用消息队列

柔光的暖阳◎ 2022-06-10 02:46 366阅读 0赞

**queue配置**

首先说明一下我之前的项目中如何使用queue的。

我们现在的项目都是用的symfony，老一点的项目用的symfony1.4，新一点的项目用的都是symfony2。symfony用起来整体感觉还是很爽的，尤其symfony2，整体上来讲使用了很多java里面框架的设计思想。但是他不支持queue。在symfony，我们使用queue也经历了几个过程。最开始使用张堰同学的httpsqs。这个简单使用，但是存在单点。毕竟我们的项目还是正式对外服务的，所以我们研究了Apache旗下的开源项目ActiveMQ，研究研究发现还有Apache旗下还有更新的MQ，那就是Apollo。最后我们决定使用的Apollo。

queue在我们的项目中主要的应用场景就是异步处理一些比较耗时的功能，比如同步第三方数据、数据有变动了同步通知到我们的第三方数据使用者等等。我们大致的思路是这样的，在各个controller里面如果需要异步处理的，就把一个json对象encode一下，塞到Apollo里面。再写一个work的Command，在这个Command中解析json对象，根据里面的action和参数决定来调用不同的方法处理。根据业务需要同时在不同的机器上运行Command作为守护进程一直跑着，也算实现异步多任务处理应用的方案。就这么一直使用着，直到发现了laravel。打算研究一下。如果可能替代一下也不是不可能。呵呵。

由于才开始学习，当然直接上laravel5。routes、controller、view都基本上和symfony差别不到，上手倒是不困难。最后研究一下queue。

**1、安装laravle，使用composer，倒是很简单。**

[?][Link 1]

把~/.composer/vendor/bin 加入到环境变量中。

[?][Link 1]

就可以直接在命令行中使用laravel了。试一下。

[?][Link 1]

能够看到下面的，就代表成功了。

[?][Link 1]

**2、创建项目。**

[?][Link 1]

**3、配置redis和queue。**

**4、创建controller，**

[?][Link 1]

在controller的action中push100个queue的任务。

[?][Link 1]

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     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**5、创建queue的Command**

[?][Link 1]

修改app/Commands/SendEmail.php，添加一个私有变量。

[?][Link 1]

同时修改构造函数。

[?][Link 1]

再修改的handle方法

[?][Link 1]

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      1 
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      2 
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      3 
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      4 
    </div> 
    <div style="line-height:15.4px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em 0px 1em!important; border-width:0px 3px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important">
      5 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="padding:0.2em 0.46em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); width:611px; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
    <div style="line-height:15.4px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
     <div style="line-height:15.4px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important">public</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-weight:bold!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,102,153)!important"> function</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"> handle() { </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="line-height:15.4px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">sleep(4);</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="line-height:15.4px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(255,20,147)!important">echo</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important"> $this</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">-&gt;msg.</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:blue!important">"\t"</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">.</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(255,20,147)!important">date</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">(</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:blue!important">"Y-m-d H:i:s"</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">).</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:blue!important">"\n"</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="line-height:15.4px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;&nbsp;</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(170,119,0)!important">$this</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">-&gt;</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(255,20,147)!important">delete</code> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">();</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="line-height:15.4px; margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:pre!important"> 
      <code style="margin:3px auto 0px; padding:0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left:3px solid rgb(108,226,108); line-height:20px; width:640px; clear:both; border-top:0px!important; border-right:0px!important; border-bottom:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">}</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**6、修改routes**

[?][Link 1]

**7、监听queue**

[?][Link 1]

为了验证多任务处理，我们同时开三个窗口运行同样的命令。

**8、用laravel内建的server启动服务**

[?][Link 1]

打开浏览器，访问http://localhost:8080/页面。当然也可以用nginx，apache之类的。但是需要各种配置，还是内建的使用方便。

在控制台就能看到各个queue执行的情况了，如下图。可以看到100个任务被三个work平分了。

[![2016321142239283.png (862×658)][2016321142239283.png _862_658]][2016321142239283.png _862_658]

到此，基本达到了我想要的效果。验证了laravel可以简单实现queue，并且可以多任务处理。

make command生成的代码中use App\\Commands\\Command ，但是运行时提示没有这个文件。 解决办法，修改为 use Illuminate\\Console\\Command; 不知道为什么会出现这个低级问题，难道是我mac系统问题，还是我的人品问题。  
在controller的action中push队列的时候，没有异步执行，还是在action的脚本中执行的。 发现是配置问题，原来不仅仅要修改config中的queue.php，还要修改.evn中相关配置。 虽然问题解决了，但是还是觉得蛋疼，不能理解。还需要在学习学习laravel。

**异步队列使用方法**

**1.配置**

关于队列的定义，这里就不作介绍了。我们要使用异步队列就有两个关键：

（1）存储队列的地方  
（2）执行任务的服务  
打开 config/queue.php ，这是Laravel5关于队列的配置文件。首先我们可以通过 default 参数指定默认队列驱动，默认配置是 sync , 这是同步队列，我们要做异步队列首先就要改变这里。假设我们用 database 作为驱动，队列任务将会存放在数据库中，而我们后面会另外启动一个后台服务来处理队列任务，这就是异步方式了。

[?][Link 1]

修改完配置后，我们需要创建一个表来存放队列任务，Laravel5已经在自带artisan命令中内置了一个指令用来生成数据迁移，只需要两条命令即可，当然你得实现配置好数据库连接。

[?][Link 1]

这样就自动在数据库中创建了 jobs 表。

**2.启动队列监听服务**

通过下面这条指令启动队列监听服务，它会自动处理 jobs 表中的队列任务：

[?][Link 1]

在linux中，如果想让它在后台执行，可以这样：

[?][Link 1]

**3.添加队列任务**

关于队列任务的添加，手册里说的比较详细，这里就简单举个例子吧。

首先，通过artisan创建一个队列命令：

[?][Link 1]

这样会生成 app/Commands/SendEmail.php 这个类文件，这个类会被标识为队列命令，你可以在 handle 方法中写自己的业务逻辑。

在控制器中，可以简单通过 Bus::dispatch 分发任务:

[?][Link 1]

你会发现任务不会立即执行，而是被放到 jobs 表中，由队列监听服务处理。

更详细的用法建议参考 command bus 和 queue 相关的手册章节。

在之前项目进行采集数据时，采用kafka消息队列，也挺不错的，接下来我们来搭建kafka消息队列:

# mac安装kafka #

### 1.安装最新版的kafka ###

brew install kafka

这将安装所有的依赖,包括zookeeper

### 2.启动zookeeper ###

brew services start zookeeper //启动zookeeper
    zkServer start //或者这样启动

可以用 `brew info zookeeper` 命令查看zookeeper的相关信息，包括启动命令

### 3.启动kafka ###

brew services start kafka //启动kafka
    kafka-server-start /usr/local/etc/kafka/server.properties //或者这样启动

同样可以用 `brew info kafka` 命令查看kafka的相关信息，包括启动命令

### 4. 创建一个topic ###

/usr/local/bin/kafka-topics --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test

创建了一个名字为`test`的`topic`, `topic`的名字最好是全e文，不要有 `_ .`等特殊符号，可以用以下命令查看创建的 `topic`

/usr/local/bin/kafka-topics --list --zookeeper localhost:2181 //查看topic
    /usr/local/bin/kafka-topics --delete --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic entere //删除名为entere的topic

### 5. 发送消息 producer ###

/usr/local/bin/kafka-console-producer --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic test
    
    hello this is a test message

### 6. 消费消息 consumer ###

/usr/local/bin/kafka-console-consumer --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test --from-beginning

### 7. 配置多个broker集群 ###

到目前为止，我们都是在单个broker上运行的，但是这没啥好玩的。对于Kafka来说，单个broker其实就是一个大小为1的集群，所以对于启动多个broker的实例来说，道理也是一样的，并没有太多变化。但是为了感觉一下他，就让我们将我们的集群扩充道3个节点（仍然全部运行在我们的本地机器上）。 首先我们为每一个broker建一个配置文件：

cp config/server.properties config/server-1.properties 
    cp config/server.properties config/server-2.properties

现在，编辑这些新文件，并设置以下属性：

config/server-1.properties:
        broker.id=1
        port=9093
        log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-1
    
    config/server-2.properties:
        broker.id=2
        port=9094
        log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-2

其中broker.id属性是一个不重复的常量，用来表示集群中每个节点的名字。我们在这里不得不重写port和log.dir，这只是因为我们是在同一台机器上运行这些命令，而我们要防止多个borker使用同一个端口注册而覆盖彼此的内容。

我们已经有了Zookeeper并且我们的单节点已经启动，所以我们现在需要启动这两个新节点：

/usr/local/bin/kafka-server-start config/server-1.properties &
    /usr/local/bin/kafka-server-start config/server-2.properties &

现在创建一个有三个备份因子的新topic：

/usr/local/bin/kafka-topics --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 3 --partitions 1 --topic my-replicated-topic

好了，现在我们有一个集群了，但是我们怎么知道每个个broker都在做什么呢？让我们运行`describe topics`命令来看看：

/usr/local/bin/kafka-topics --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic my-replicated-topic
    
    
    Topic:my-replicated-topic    PartitionCount:1    ReplicationFactor:3 Configs:
    
    Topic: my-replicated-topic  Partition: 0    Leader: 1   Replicas: 1,2,0 Isr: 1,2,0

这是上面输出的说明。第一行给出了所有分区的总结，此外每一行都是一个分区的信息。因为我们现在在这个topic上只有两个分区，所以就只有两行。

"leader" 负责给定分区中所有的读和写的任务。分区将随即选取一个节点作为leader。

“replicas” 列出了所有当前分区中的副本节点。不论这些节点是否是leader或者是否处于激活状态，都会被列出来。

“isr” 是表示“在同步中”的副本节点的列表。是replicas列表的一个子集，包含了当前处于激活状态的节点，并且leader节点开头。

注意在我们的例子中，节点1该topic仅有的一个分区中的leader节点。

我们可以在之前我们创建的topic中运行同样的命令，来看看是什么情况：

/usr/local/bin/kafka-topics --describe --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test
    
    
    Topic:test    PartitionCount:1    ReplicationFactor:1 Configs:
    
    Topic: test Partition: 0    Leader: 0   Replicas: 0 Isr: 0

看，和猜测的一样 -- 在之前的topic下没有副本节点，且其运行在server 0上，它是我们在创建topic时在集群中创建的唯一一个server。

让我们向我们的新topic发布一些消息：

/usr/local/bin/kafka-console-producer --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic my-replicated-topic
    
    my test message 1
    my test message 2

现在让我们消费这些消息：

/usr/local/bin/kafka-console-consumer --zookeeper localhost:2181 --from-beginning --topic my-replicated-topic
    
    my test message 1
    my test message 2

现在让我们测试一下容错性。Broker 1是其中的leader，让我们关了它：

ps | grep server-1.properties
    
    7564 ttys002    0:15.91 /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6/Home/bin/java...
    
    kill -9 7564

Leader节点转移了，并且1号节点不再存在于“正在同步”的副本集合内：

/usr/local/bin/kafka-topics --describe --zookeeper localhost:218192 --topic my-replicated-topic
    
    Topic:my-replicated-topic    PartitionCount:1    ReplicationFactor:3 Configs:
    
    Topic: my-replicated-topic  Partition: 0    Leader: 2   Replicas: 1,2,0 Isr: 2,0

但是这些消息仍然可以用来消费，即便是原本负责写的leader节点被关掉了：

bin/kafka-console-consumer --zookeeper localhost:2181 --from-beginning --topic my-replicated-topic
    
    my test message 1
    my test message 2

# 安装kafka的php扩展 #

brew install homebrew/php/php70-rdkafka

我们这里选取了 php70-rdkafka 这个扩展，安装后重启php-fpm，大功告

# producer #

php发送消息示例

<?php
        public function handle() {
            $title = "传唤华为，没有赢家的阻击战";
            $content = "美国政府继3月份对中兴下重手处罚之后，开始瞄准华为。";
                        //$host_list = "172.16.88.12:9092";
            //$host_list = "172.16.88.11:2181/kafka/q-ksg2na7l";
            $broker = "172.16.88.12:9092";
            //$broker = "localhost:9092";
            $kafka = new \RdKafka\Producer();
            $kafka->setLogLevel(LOG_DEBUG);
            $num = $kafka->addBrokers($broker);
            echo "added $num brokers \r\n";
            $topic = $kafka->newTopic("topic_article_publish");
            for($i = 0; $i < 20; $i++){
                $msg = [
                    'header'=>[
                        'type'=>'article_publish',
                        'time'=>time(),
                    ],
                    'body'=>[
                        'title'=>$i.'--'.$title,
                        'content'=>$i.'__'.$content,
                    ],
    
                ];
                $topic->produce(RD_KAFKA_PARTITION_UA, 0, json_encode($msg,JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE));
                echo "the $i message sended successfully \r\n";
            }
    
    
        }
    ?>

# consumer #

php接收消息示例

<?php
        public function handle() {
            $broker = "172.16.88.12:9092";
            //$broker = "localhost:9092";
            $rk = new \RdKafka\Consumer();
            $rk->setLogLevel(LOG_DEBUG);
            $num = $rk->addBrokers($broker);
            $topic = $rk->newTopic("topic_article_publish");
            $topic->consumeStart(0, RD_KAFKA_OFFSET_END);
            //RD_KAFKA_OFFSET_BEGINNING，从partition消息队列的开始进行consume；
            //RD_KAFKA_OFFSET_END，从partition中的将要produce的下一条信息开始（忽略即当前所有的消息）
            //rd_kafka_offset_tail(5)，consume 5 messages from the end，取最新5条
            while (true) {
                $msg = $topic->consume(0, 1000);
                if(null === $msg){
    
                } else {
                    if ($msg->err) {
                        echo $msg->errstr(), "\n";
                        sleep(10);
    
                    } else {
                        //var_dump($msg);
                        echo $msg->payload, "\n";
                        echo $msg->offset,"\n";
                    }
                }
            }
    
        }
    ?>

[Link 1]: http://www.jb51.net/article/81243.htm#
[2016321142239283.png _862_658]: http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201603/2016321142239283.png?2016221142252