nginx rewrite和根据url参数location

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-06-07 11:49 258阅读 0赞

# [nginx rewrite和根据url参数location][nginx rewrite_url_location] #

最近项目中涉及到旧老项目迁移，需要在nginx上做些配置，所以简单学习了下，好记性不如烂笔头，先记下来。

# rewrite #

首先查看下nginx是否支持rewrite：

./nginx -V

![232037125544.png][]

不支持说明安装nginx时候缺少pcre,需要重新安装nginx：

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

#安装pcre
    wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.34.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf pcre-8.34.tar.gz
    cd pcre-8.34
    ./configure
    make
    make install
    #安装nginx
    cd nginx-1.0.12
    ./configure --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf \
    --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.34 \
    make
    make install
    #启动nginx
    ./nginx
    #重启nginx
    ./nginx –s reload

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

示例：

比如现有如下的nginx配置：

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

worker_processes  24;
    #worker_cpu_affinity 0000000000000001;
    
    worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
    
    error_log  logs/error.log  crit;
    
    pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    events {
        use   epoll; 
        worker_connections  2048000;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        charset utf-8;
    
        sendfile        on;
        tcp_nopush     on;
        tcp_nodelay     on;
        keepalive_timeout  60;
        client_max_body_size        10m; 
        client_body_buffer_size     128k; 
    
        upstream log {  
         server 192.168.80.147:8338;
    
        }
    
        server {
            listen       6061;
            server_name  192.168.71.51;
    
            location / { 
               proxy_pass                  http://log; 
               proxy_redirect              off; 
               proxy_set_header            Host $host; 
               proxy_set_header            Remote_Addr $remote_addr; 
               proxy_set_header   X-REAL-IP  $remote_addr; 
               proxy_set_header            X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
              
               proxy_connect_timeout       90; 
               proxy_send_timeout          90; 
               proxy_read_timeout          90; 
               proxy_buffer_size           4k; 
               proxy_buffers               4 32k; 
               proxy_busy_buffers_size     64k; 
               proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
            } 
    
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
        log_format  log  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
            access_log  logs/access_log.log  log;
    
            
           #设定查看Nginx状态的地址   
           location /NginxStatus {  
            #stub_status on;   
            access_log on;   
            auth_basic "NginxStatus";   
            #auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;   
           }
        }
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

现在需要作如下的重定向：

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:1px solid silver; width:814px; word-break:break-word; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      1 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
      2 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      3 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
      4 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important">
      5 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">192.168.71.51/log.aspx –&gt; 192.168.80.147:8338/log</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">192.168.71.51/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">do</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">.aspx –&gt; 192.168.80.147:8338/</code> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">do</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important"> 
      <code style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">192.168.71.51/uplog.aspx –&gt; 192.168.80.147:8338/log</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

可以如下配置：

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

……
    server {
            listen       6061;
            server_name  192.168.71.51;
    
        rewrite  ^(.*)(?i)uplog.aspx(.*)$  $1log$2  break;
        rewrite  ^(.*)(?i)log.aspx(.*)$  $1log$2  break;
        rewrite  ^(.*)(?i)do.aspx(.*)$  $1do$2  break;
        
    
            location / { 
               proxy_pass                  http://log; 
               proxy_redirect              off; 
               proxy_set_header            Host $host; 
               proxy_set_header            Remote_Addr $remote_addr; 
               proxy_set_header   X-REAL-IP  $remote_addr; 
               proxy_set_header            X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
              
               proxy_connect_timeout       90; 
               proxy_send_timeout          90; 
               proxy_read_timeout          90; 
               proxy_buffer_size           4k; 
               proxy_buffers               4 32k; 
               proxy_busy_buffers_size     64k; 
               proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
            }
    ……

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

关于这里的rewrite配置主要说明以下几点：

1.   rewrite用法: rewrite 正则 替换 标志位
2.  第一行配置和第二行配置顺序不能颠倒，因为nginx会从上往下依次rewrite（break在这里不起作用）；
3.  （?!）表示忽略大小写匹配（网上说的是~\*，但好像不起作用，我的nginx版本是1.0.12）；
4.   ![0031.png_rev_2.6.1][]![002C.png_rev_2.6.1][] 1,2表示前面正则表达式匹配到的部分；
5.   rewrite可以在server里也可以在location里，nginx会首先执行server里的rewrite，然后才会执行location，意味着location的是重写后的url,之后还会执行location里的rewrite,最后nginx还会拿结果去执行剩下的location。

关于nginx的rewrite详细用法可以参考详细参考文档：[http://blog.cafeneko.info/2010/10/nginx\_rewrite\_note/][http_blog.cafeneko.info_2010_10_nginx_rewrite_note]（很详细）

# 根据url参数location #

实际开发中经常有根据请求参数来路由到不同请求处理者的情况，根据POST请求参数需要些nginx插件，这里主要简单介绍下如何根据GET参数来路由。

还是上面的配置文件。比如我们希望访问[http://192.168.71.51:6061/do1.aspx?t=1212&c=uplog][http_192.168.71.51_6061_do1.aspx_t_1212_c_uplog]当url中的参数c为config或uplog的时候（忽略大小写）我们路由到其他地方：

首先增加一个upstream，比如：

……
    upstream other {  
        server 192.168.71.41:2210;
    
         }
    ……

然后在location里增加如下的判断即可：

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

……
    location / { 
    
           if ( $query_string ~* ^(.*)c=config\b|uplog\b(.*)$ ){
             proxy_pass                  http://other; 
           }
    ……

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

关键是标红的行，$query\_string表示url参数，后面是标准的正则匹配，需要的注意的是nginx中if有很多限制，语法很苛刻，具体参看上面的文档。

很简单却很实用的配置，希望能帮到正在找这方面信息的同学。

[nginx rewrite_url_location]: http://www.cnblogs.com/zhanjindong/p/3531733.html
[232037125544.png]: /images/20220607/9819063c5cd94a84947883a29b5b9cb9.png
[copycode.gif]: /images/20220607/84164856b1a243969e4b207cb05732ab.png
[0031.png_rev_2.6.1]: http://mathjax.cnblogs.com/2_6_1/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/png/Main/Regular/400/0031.png?rev=2.6.1
[002C.png_rev_2.6.1]: /images/20220607/ef5a399cc37240c58b0092340cb2e0b0.png
[http_blog.cafeneko.info_2010_10_nginx_rewrite_note]: http://blog.cafeneko.info/2010/10/nginx_rewrite_note/
[http_192.168.71.51_6061_do1.aspx_t_1212_c_uplog]: http://192.168.71.51:6061/do1.aspx?t=1212&c=uplog