JAVA字段校验(validation)

向右看齐 2022-06-07 08:18 936阅读 0赞

在开发业务时，不可避免的需要处理一些校验， 如果是写if-else这种代码去校验， 那会有一大段这样的代码。不过还好有个校验插件：javax.validation.validation-api，不过一般会引用hibernate的校验组件：org.hibernate.hibernate-validator， 它已经引用了validation-api组件。

--------------------

## 基础校验类型 ##

--------------------

JSR303 是一套JavaBean参数校验的标准，它定义了很多常用的校验注解，我们可以直接将这些注解加在我们JavaBean的属性上面，就可以在需要校验的时候进行校验了。注解如下：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

Hibernate validator 在JSR303的基础上对校验注解进行了扩展，扩展注解如下：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

--------------------

## 写个DEMO看看 ##

--------------------

校验工具类:ValidatorUtils

import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
    import javax.validation.Validation;
    import javax.validation.Validator;
    import javax.validation.groups.Default;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Set;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    
    /** * Created by saleson on 2017/10/13. */
    public class ValidatorUtils { 
    
    
        private static Validator validator = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory()
                .getValidator();
    
    
        public static <T> Map<String, String> validate(T obj) {
            Map<String, StringBuilder> errorMap = new HashMap<>();
            Set<ConstraintViolation<T>> set = validator.validate(obj, Default.class);
            if (set != null && set.size() > 0) {
                String property = null;
                for (ConstraintViolation<T> cv : set) {
                    //这里循环获取错误信息，可以自定义格式
                    property = cv.getPropertyPath().toString();
                    if (errorMap.get(property) != null) {
                        errorMap.get(property).append("," + cv.getMessage());
                    } else {
                        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                        sb.append(cv.getMessage());
                        errorMap.put(property, sb);
                    }
                }
            }
            return errorMap.entrySet().stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(k -> k.getKey(), v -> v.getValue().toString()));
        }
    }

DemoBean:

import com.fm.core.exceptions.ApiException;
    import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
    import com.fm.framework.api.ApiResultHelper;
    import com.fm.framework.json.Json;
    import com.fm.framework.utils.StringUtils;
    import com.fm.grantauth.domain.ValidateResult;
    import com.fm.grantauth.domain.dto.AuthorizationApplyDTO;
    import com.fm.grantauth.utils.ValidatorUtils;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import javax.validation.Valid;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /** * Created by saleson on 2017/10/12. */
    public class DataAuthValidator { 
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataAuthValidator.class);
    
        @Override
        public ValidateResult validate(AuthorizationApplyDTO applyDTO) {
            String json = applyDTO.getContractParams();
            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
                throw new ApiException(ApiResultHelper.newParameterEmpty("contractParams字段不能为空"));
            }
            DataAuthContractParams params = Json.parseObject(json, DataAuthContractParams.class);
            Map<String, String> validMap = ValidatorUtils.validate(params);
            if (!validMap.isEmpty()) {
                log.warn(validMap.toString());
                throw new ApiException(ApiResultHelper.newBusinessError(lackFieldMessage(validMap.keySet().toArray(new String[0]))));
            }
            return new ValidateResult(true);
        }
    
    
        public static class DataAuthContractParams { 
            @NotEmpty
            private String businessName;
            @NotEmpty
            private String dataProvider;
            @NotEmpty
            private String personalDataName;
            @NotEmpty
            private String dataDemander;
    
            public String getBusinessName() {
                return businessName;
            }
    
            public void setBusinessName(String businessName) {
                this.businessName = businessName;
            }
    
            public String getDataProvider() {
                return dataProvider;
            }
    
            public void setDataProvider(String dataProvider) {
                this.dataProvider = dataProvider;
            }
    
            public String getPersonalDataName() {
                return personalDataName;
            }
    
            public void setPersonalDataName(String personalDataName) {
                this.personalDataName = personalDataName;
            }
    
            public String getDataDemander() {
                return dataDemander;
            }
    
            public void setDataDemander(String dataDemander) {
                this.dataDemander = dataDemander;
            }
    
        }
    
    
    
        @Test
        public void test() {
            AuthorizationApplyDTO applyDTO = new AuthorizationApplyDTO();
            DataAuthContractParams params = new DataAuthContractParams();
            params.setBusinessName("f");
            params.setDataDemander("f");
            params.setDataProvider("");
            params.setPersonalDataName("");
    
            applyDTO.setContractParams(Json.toJSONString(params));
            ValidateResult result = new DataAuthValidator().validate(applyDTO);
            System.out.println(Json.toJSONString(result));
            assert result.isSeccess();
        }
    }

运行结果:

[main] WARN com.fm.grantauth.module.authorization.contact.DataAuthValidator - {dataProvider=不能为空, personalDataName=不能为空}
    
    com.fm.core.exceptions.ApiException: 参数contractParams中缺少字段:dataProvider, personalDataName

--------------------

## 自定义校验规则(Validator) ##

--------------------

自定义注解:

package com.fm.core.validation;
    
    import com.fm.core.validation.validator.NotEmptyValidator;
    
    import javax.validation.Constraint;
    import javax.validation.Payload;
    import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
    import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
    import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
    import java.lang.annotation.Target;
    
    import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE;
    import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR;
    import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.FIELD;
    import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
    import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.PARAMETER;
    
    /** * Created by saleson on 2017/5/31. */
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target({METHOD, FIELD, ANNOTATION_TYPE, CONSTRUCTOR, PARAMETER})
    @Documented
    @Constraint(validatedBy = {NotEmptyValidator.class})
    public @interface NotEmpty { 
    
        String message() default "参数不能为null或空字符串";
    
        Class<?>[] groups() default {};
    
        Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
    }

校验器(validator):

package com.fm.core.validation.validator;
    
    import com.fm.core.validation.NotEmpty;
    import com.fm.framework.utils.StringUtils;
    import org.apache.commons.collections.MapUtils;
    
    import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
    import java.lang.reflect.Array;
    import java.util.Collection;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /** * Created by saleson on 2017/5/27. */
    public class NotEmptyValidator extends AbstractValidator<NotEmpty, Object> { 
    
        @Override
        protected boolean validNull(ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
            return false;
        }
    
        @Override
        protected boolean valid(Object value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
            if (value instanceof String) {
                return StringUtils.isNotEmpty(value.toString());
            } else if (value instanceof Collection) {
                return !org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils.isEmpty((Collection) value);
            } else if (value instanceof Map) {
                return MapUtils.isNotEmpty((Map) value);
            } else if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
                return Array.getLength(value) > 0;
            }
            return true;
        }
    
    
    }

将上个demo中引用的org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty改为com.fm.core.validation.NotEmpty即可。  
运行结果：

WARN com.fm.grantauth.module.authorization.contact.DataAuthValidator - {dataProvider=参数不能为null或空字符串, personalDataName=参数不能为null或空字符串}
    
    com.fm.core.exceptions.ApiException: 参数contractParams中缺少字段:dataProvider, personalDataName

--------------------

## 级联校验 ##

--------------------

校验的对象中包含另一个需要校验的对象时，则可以使用@javax.validation.Valid

import com.fm.core.exceptions.ApiException;
    import com.fm.core.validation.NotEmpty;
    import com.fm.framework.api.ApiResultHelper;
    import com.fm.framework.json.Json;
    import com.fm.framework.utils.StringUtils;
    import com.fm.grantauth.domain.ValidateResult;
    import com.fm.grantauth.domain.dto.AuthorizationApplyDTO;
    import com.fm.grantauth.utils.ValidatorUtils;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    
    import javax.validation.Valid;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /** * Created by saleson on 2017/10/12. */
    public class DataAuthValidator implements ContractParamsValidator { 
        private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataAuthValidator.class);
    
        @Override
        public ValidateResult validate(AuthorizationApplyDTO applyDTO) {
            String json = applyDTO.getContractParams();
            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(json)) {
                throw new ApiException(ApiResultHelper.newParameterEmpty("contractParams字段不能为空"));
            }
            DataAuthContractParams params = Json.parseObject(json, DataAuthContractParams.class);
            Map<String, String> validMap = ValidatorUtils.validate(params);
            if (!validMap.isEmpty()) {
                log.warn(validMap.toString());
                throw new ApiException(ApiResultHelper.newBusinessError(lackFieldMessage(validMap.keySet().toArray(new String[0]))));
            }
            return new ValidateResult(true);
        }
    
    
        public static class DataAuthContractParams { 
            @NotEmpty
            private String businessName;
            @NotEmpty
            private String dataProvider;
            @NotEmpty
            private String personalDataName;
            @NotEmpty
            private String dataDemander;
            // @NotEmpty
            @Valid
            private Re r;
    
            public String getBusinessName() {
                return businessName;
            }
    
            public void setBusinessName(String businessName) {
                this.businessName = businessName;
            }
    
            public String getDataProvider() {
                return dataProvider;
            }
    
            public void setDataProvider(String dataProvider) {
                this.dataProvider = dataProvider;
            }
    
            public String getPersonalDataName() {
                return personalDataName;
            }
    
            public void setPersonalDataName(String personalDataName) {
                this.personalDataName = personalDataName;
            }
    
            public String getDataDemander() {
                return dataDemander;
            }
    
            public void setDataDemander(String dataDemander) {
                this.dataDemander = dataDemander;
            }
    
            public Re getR() {
                return r;
            }
    
            public void setR(Re r) {
                this.r = r;
            }
        }
    
    
        public static class Re { 
    
            @NotEmpty
            private String d;
    
            public String getD() {
                return d;
            }
    
            public void setD(String d) {
                this.d = d;
            }
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test() {
            AuthorizationApplyDTO applyDTO = new AuthorizationApplyDTO();
            DataAuthContractParams params = new DataAuthContractParams();
            params.setBusinessName("f");
            params.setDataDemander("f");
            params.setDataProvider("");
            params.setPersonalDataName("");
            Re r = new Re();
            params.setR(r);
    
            applyDTO.setContractParams(Json.toJSONString(params));
            ValidateResult result = new DataAuthValidator().validate(applyDTO);
            System.out.println(Json.toJSONString(result));
            assert result.isSeccess();
        }
    }

运行结果：

WARN com.fm.grantauth.module.authorization.contact.DataAuthValidator - {r.d=参数不能为null或空字符串, dataProvider=参数不能为null或空字符串, personalDataName=参数不能为null或空字符串}
    
    com.fm.core.exceptions.ApiException: 参数contractParams中缺少字段:r.d, dataProvider, personalDataName

--------------------

## 分组校验 ##

--------------------

对同一个Model，我们在增加和修改时对参数的校验也是不一样的，这个时候我们就需要定义分组验证。  
com.fm.core.validation.NotEmpty\#groups()就是用于分组校验的

添加两个用于分组校验的接口：

public static interface GroupFirst { 
    
    }
    
    public static interface GroupSecond { 
    
    }

校验改成:

public static class DataAuthContractParams { 
            @NotEmpty
            private String businessName;
            @NotEmpty
            private String dataProvider;
            @NotEmpty(groups = GroupFirst.class)
            private String personalDataName;
            @NotEmpty(groups = {GroupFirst.class, GroupSecond.class})
            private String dataDemander;
            // @NotEmpty
            @Valid
            private Re r;
    
            public String getBusinessName() {
                return businessName;
            }
    
            public void setBusinessName(String businessName) {
                this.businessName = businessName;
            }
    
            public String getDataProvider() {
                return dataProvider;
            }
    
            public void setDataProvider(String dataProvider) {
                this.dataProvider = dataProvider;
            }
    
            public String getPersonalDataName() {
                return personalDataName;
            }
    
            public void setPersonalDataName(String personalDataName) {
                this.personalDataName = personalDataName;
            }
    
            public String getDataDemander() {
                return dataDemander;
            }
    
            public void setDataDemander(String dataDemander) {
                this.dataDemander = dataDemander;
            }
    
            public Re getR() {
                return r;
            }
    
            public void setR(Re r) {
                this.r = r;
            }
        }
    
    
        public static class Re { 
    
            @NotEmpty(groups = GroupSecond.class)
            private String d;
    
            public String getD() {
                return d;
            }
    
            public void setD(String d) {
                this.d = d;
            }
        }

修改ValidatorUtils

package com.fm.grantauth.utils;
    
    import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
    import javax.validation.Validation;
    import javax.validation.Validator;
    import javax.validation.groups.Default;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Set;
    import java.util.stream.Collectors;
    
    /** * Created by saleson on 2017/10/13. */
    public class ValidatorUtils { 
    
    
        private static Validator validator = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory()
                .getValidator();
    
    
        public static <T> Map<String, String> validate(T obj) {
            Set<ConstraintViolation<T>> set = validator.validate(obj, Default.class);
            return convertErrorMap(set);
        }
    
    
        public static <T> Map<String, String> validate(T obj, Class<?>... groups) {
            Set<ConstraintViolation<T>> set = validator.validate(obj, groups);
            return convertErrorMap(set);
        }
    
    
        private static <T> Map<String, String> convertErrorMap(Set<ConstraintViolation<T>> set) {
            Map<String, StringBuilder> errorMap = new HashMap<>();
            if (set != null && set.size() > 0) {
                String property = null;
                for (ConstraintViolation<T> cv : set) {
                    //这里循环获取错误信息，可以自定义格式
                    property = cv.getPropertyPath().toString();
                    if (errorMap.get(property) != null) {
                        errorMap.get(property).append("," + cv.getMessage());
                    } else {
                        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                        sb.append(cv.getMessage());
                        errorMap.put(property, sb);
                    }
                }
            }
            return errorMap.entrySet().stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(k -> k.getKey(), v -> v.getValue().toString()));
        }
    }

测试GroupFirst.class:

@Test
        public void test() {
            DataAuthContractParams params = new DataAuthContractParams();
            params.setBusinessName("f");
            params.setDataDemander("");
            params.setDataProvider("f");
            params.setPersonalDataName("");
            Re r = new Re();
            params.setR(r);
    
    
    
            Map<String, String> validMap = ValidatorUtils.validate(params, GroupFirst.class);
            System.out.println("error is: " + validMap);
        }

运行结果:  
error is: \{dataDemander=参数不能为null或空字符串, personalDataName=参数不能为null或空字符串\}

测试GroupSecond.class:

@Test
        public void test() {
            DataAuthContractParams params = new DataAuthContractParams();
            params.setBusinessName("f");
            params.setDataDemander("");
            params.setDataProvider("f");
            params.setPersonalDataName("");
            Re r = new Re();
            params.setR(r);
    
    
    
            Map<String, String> validMap = ValidatorUtils.validate(params, GroupSecond.class);
            System.out.println("error is: " + validMap);
        }

运行结果:  
error is: \{dataDemander=参数不能为null或空字符串, r.d=参数不能为null或空字符串\}

测试GroupFirst.class+GroupSecond.class:

@Test
        public void test() {
            DataAuthContractParams params = new DataAuthContractParams();
            params.setBusinessName("f");
            params.setDataDemander("");
            params.setDataProvider("f");
            params.setPersonalDataName("");
            Re r = new Re();
            params.setR(r);
    
    
    
            Map<String, String> validMap = ValidatorUtils.validate(params, GroupFirst.class, GroupSecond.class);
            System.out.println("error is: " + validMap);
        }

运行结果:  
error is: \{dataDemander=参数不能为null或空字符串, r.d=参数不能为null或空字符串, personalDataName=参数不能为null或空字符串\}

spring mvc上使用分组校验：@org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated(\{GroupFirst.class, GroupSecond.class\})

> 相关链接资料  
> Spring4新特性——集成Bean Validation 1.1(JSR-349)到SpringMVC [https://my.oschina.net/qjx1208/blog/200946][https_my.oschina.net_qjx1208_blog_200946]  
> Java Bean Validation 最佳实践 [http://www.cnblogs.com/beiyan/p/5946345.html][http_www.cnblogs.com_beiyan_p_5946345.html]

[SouthEast]: /images/20220607/e58b55d1b4b64297a73325b33079f84a.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220607/db901c1945e44749bb92b6db3a21a732.png
[https_my.oschina.net_qjx1208_blog_200946]: https://my.oschina.net/qjx1208/blog/200946
[http_www.cnblogs.com_beiyan_p_5946345.html]: http://www.cnblogs.com/beiyan/p/5946345.html