Spring 编程式事务管理

Myth丶恋晨 2022-06-07 07:38 229阅读 0赞

## 编程式和声明式事务的区别 ##

Spring提供了对编程式事务和声明式事务的支持，编程式事务允许用户在代码中精确定义事务的边界，而声明式事务（基于AOP）有助于用户将操作与事务规则进行解耦。  
简单地说，编程式事务侵入到了业务代码里面，但是提供了更加详细的事务管理；而声明式事务由于基于AOP，所以既能起到事务管理的作用，又可以不影响业务代码的具体实现。

## 如何实现编程式事务？ ##

Spring提供两种方式的编程式事务管理,分别是使用TransactionTemplate和直接使用PlatformTransactionManager。

### \# 使用TransactionTemplate ###

采用TransactionTemplate和采用其他Spring模板，如JdbcTempalte和HibernateTemplate是一样的方法。它使用回调方法，把应用程序从处理取得和释放资源中解脱出来。如同其他模板，TransactionTemplate是线程安全的。

**使用案例代码如下:**

**\#数据模型层**

package com.sunline.entity;
    
    /**
     * Account entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
     */
    
    public class Account  implements java.io.Serializable {
    
    
        // Fields    
    
         private Integer id;
         private String name;
         private Double money;
    
    
        // Constructors
    
        /** default constructor */
        public Account() {
        }
    
    	/** minimal constructor */
        public Account(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        
        /** full constructor */
        public Account(String name, Double money) {
            this.name = name;
            this.money = money;
        }
    
       
        // Property accessors
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return this.id;
        }
        
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return this.name;
        }
        
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Double getMoney() {
            return this.money;
        }
        
        public void setMoney(Double money) {
            this.money = money;
        }
       
    }

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    
    <hibernate-mapping>
        <class name="com.sunline.entity.Account" table="account" catalog="association">
            <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
                <column name="id" />
                <generator class="native"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
                <column name="name" length="20" not-null="true" />
            </property>
            <property name="money" type="java.lang.Double">
                <column name="money" precision="10" />
            </property>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

\#配置文件

**applicationContext.xml**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans
    	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    	                    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
        
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
    
        
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.sunline">
        </context:component-scan>
    	<bean id="dataSource"
    		class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
    		<property name="driverClassName"
    			value="${driverClassName}">
    		</property>
    		<property name="url"
    			value="${url}">
    		</property>
    		<property name="username" value="${username}"></property>
    		<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
    	</bean>
    	<bean id="sessionFactory"
    		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    		<property name="dataSource">
    			<ref bean="dataSource" />
    		</property>
    		<property name="hibernateProperties">
    			<props>
    				<prop key="hibernate.dialect">
    					org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
    				</prop>
    				<prop key="dialect">
    				    org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
    				</prop>
                    <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">true</prop>
                    <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> 
    			</props>
    		</property>
    		<property name="mappingResources">
    			<list>
    				<value>com/sunline/entity/Account.hbm.xml</value>
    			</list>
    		</property>
       </bean>
       
       	
    	 <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
        </bean>
       
    	
    	
    	<bean id="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate">
    		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
    	</bean>
    </beans>

\#数据访问层

**AccountDao.java**

package com.sunline.dao;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    @Repository(value="accountDao")
    public class AccountDao extends HibernateDaoSupport {
    	/*
    	 * 使用注解必须添加以下方式
    	 */
        @Resource  
        public void setSessionFacotry(SessionFactory sessionFacotry) {  
            super.setSessionFactory(sessionFacotry);  
        }  
        
    	/*
    	 *  @param out	 :转出账号
    	 *  @param money :转账金额
    	 */
    	public void outMoney(String out, double money){
    		String hsql ="update Account set money = money-? where name = ?";
    		System.out.println("成功转出金额!");
    		this.getHibernateTemplate().bulkUpdate(hsql, new Object[]{money,out});
    	}
    	
    	/*
    	 * @param in	:转入账号
    	 * @param money	:转账金额
    	 */
    	public void inMoney(String in, Double money) {
    		String hsql = "update Account set money = money+? where name = ?";
    		System.out.println("成功转入金额!");
    		this.getHibernateTemplate().bulkUpdate(hsql, new Object[]{money,in});
    	}
    }

\#业务逻辑层

**AccountBiz1.java**

package com.sunline.biz;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
    import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallbackWithoutResult;
    import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;
    
    import com.sunline.dao.AccountDao;
    
    @Service(value="accountBizOne")
    public class AccountBiz1 {
    	//注入事务管理的模板
    	@Autowired
    	@Qualifier("transactionTemplate") 
    	TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;
    
    	/*
    	 * 转账
    	 */
    	@Autowired
    	@Qualifier("accountDao")            //使用@Qualifier注解来说明使用哪一个实现类
        AccountDao accountDao;
    	/**
    	 * @param out	:转出账号
    	 * @param in	:转入账号
    	 * @param money	:转账金额
    	 */
    	public void transfer(final String out, final String in, final Double money) {
    		/*
    		 * 第一种:没有事务管理,一方转账成功,一方因为程序异常收不到钱
    		 */
    //		accountDao1.outMoney(out, money);
    //		int i = 1/0;
    //		accountDao1.inMoney(in, money);
    		
    		/*
    		 * 第二种添加编程式事务管理
    		 */
    		transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallbackWithoutResult() {
    			@Override
    			protected void doInTransactionWithoutResult(TransactionStatus arg0) {
    				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    				accountDao.outMoney(out, money);
    				int i = 1/0;                           //模拟程序出现异常
    				accountDao.inMoney(in, money);
    			}
    		});
    	}
    }

\#测试类

package com.sunline.test;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    import com.sunline.biz.AccountBiz1;
    
    //@Configuration("classpath:applicationContext1.xml")
    public class Testone {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    	    ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");	    
    	    AccountBiz1 accountBiz1 = (AccountBiz1) ctx.getBean("accountBizOne");
    		accountBiz1.transfer("海哥", "杨旭", 200d);
    	}
    
    }