Python初学知识点（1）

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-06-07 05:15 235阅读 0赞

1、如果要写中文需在开头引入：

#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

2、注释：

单行注释：\#

多行注释：三个单引号（'''）或三个双引号（"""）

示例：

![Image 1][]

3、字符串：

Python 可以使用引号( ' )、双引号( " )、三引号( ''' 或 """ ) 来表示字符串，引号的开始与结束必须的相同类型的。其中三引号可以由多行组成，编写多行文本的快捷语法，常用于文档字符串，在文件的特定地点，被当做注释。

4、等待用户输入

raw_input("请输入石头剪刀布：")

按下回车键后会退出。

5、给变量赋值

w = "123" a = b = c = 1
    d,e,f=2,3,4
    print w
    print a,b,c
    print d,e,f

输出结果：

6、标准数据类型

Python有五个标准的数据类型：

*  Numbers（数字）（int（有符号整型）、long（长整型\[也可以代表八进制和十六进制\]）、float（浮点型）、complex（复数））
 *  String（字符串）
 *  List（列表）
 *  Tuple（元组）
 *  Dictionary（字典）

7、字符串

str = "abcdefg hijk" print str           # 输出完整字符串 print str[0]        # 输出字符串中的第一个字符 print str[2:5]      # 输出字符串中第三个至第五个之间的字符串 print str[2:]       # 输出从第三个字符开始的字符串 print str * 2       # 输出字符串两次 print str + " TEST" # 输出连接的字符串

![Image 1][]

8、数组

列表可以完成大多数集合类的数据结构实现。它支持字符，数字，字符串甚至可以包含列表（即嵌套）。

列表用 **\[ \]** 标识，是 python 最通用的复合数据类型。

列表中值的切割也可以用到变量 **\[头下标:尾下标\]** ，就可以截取相应的列表，从左到右索引默认 0 开始，从右到左索引默认 -1 开始，下标可以为空表示取到头或尾。

9、元祖

元组是另一个数据类型，类似于List（列表）。

元组用"()"标识。内部元素用逗号隔开。但是元组不能二次赋值，相当于只读列表。

10、字典

字典(dictionary)是除列表以外python之中最灵活的内置数据结构类型。列表是有序的对象结合，字典是无序的对象集合。

两者之间的区别在于：字典当中的元素是通过键来存取的，而不是通过偏移存取。

字典用"\{ \}"标识。字典由索引(key)和它对应的值value组成。示例如下：

a = {}  # 声明 a["a"] = "a" a[2] = 2
    
    b = {
      "b": "b", "c": 1, "d": 2, "e": "e"}
    
    print a['a']  # 输出键为'one' 的值 print a[2]  # 输出键为 2 的值 print b  # 输出完整的字典 print b.keys()  # 输出所有键 print b.values()  # 输出所有值

输出结果： ![Image 1][]

11、数据类型转换

有时候，我们需要对数据内置的类型进行转换，数据类型的转换，你只需要将数据类型作为函数名即可。以下几个内置的函数可以执行数据类型之间的转换。这些函数返回一个新的对象，表示转换的值。

<table style="border:0px; margin:4px 0px; padding:0px; border-collapse:collapse; width:729px; color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:12px"> 
 <tbody style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <th style="border:1px solid rgb(85,85,85); margin:0px; padding:3px; color:rgb(255,255,255); vertical-align:top; background-color:rgb(85,85,85)"> 函数</th> 
 <th style="border:1px solid rgb(85,85,85); margin:0px; padding:3px; color:rgb(255,255,255); vertical-align:top; background-color:rgb(85,85,85)"> 描述</th> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-int.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">int(x [,base])</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将x转换为一个整数 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-long.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">long(x [,base] )</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将x转换为一个长整数 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-float.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">float(x)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将x转换到一个浮点数 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-complex.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">complex(real [,imag])</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 创建一个复数 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-str.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">str(x)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将对象 x 转换为字符串 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-repr.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">repr(x)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将对象 x 转换为表达式字符串 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-eval.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">eval(str)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 用来计算在字符串中的有效Python表达式,并返回一个对象 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/att-tuple-tuple.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">tuple(s)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将序列 s 转换为一个元组 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/att-list-list.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">list(s)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将序列 s 转换为一个列表 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-set.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">set(s)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 转换为可变集合 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-dict.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">dict(d)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 创建一个字典。d 必须是一个序列 (key,value)元组。 </td> 
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 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-frozenset.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">frozenset(s)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 转换为不可变集合 </td> 
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 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-chr.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">chr(x)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将一个整数转换为一个字符 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-unichr.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">unichr(x)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将一个整数转换为Unicode字符 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-ord.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">ord(x)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将一个字符转换为它的整数值 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; background-color:rgb(246,244,240)"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-hex.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">hex(x)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将一个整数转换为一个十六进制字符串 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px"> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; min-width:24px; line-height:2em; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> <a href="http://www.runoob.com/python/python-func-oct.html" style="border:0px; margin:0px; padding:0px; color:rgb(100,133,76)" rel="nofollow">oct(x)</a> </td> 
 <td style="border:1px solid rgb(212,212,212); margin:0px; padding:7px 5px; font-size:13px; line-height:2em; min-width:24px; vertical-align:top"> <p style="border:0px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; line-height:2em; font-family:&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,Helvetica,&quot;PingFang SC&quot;,&quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;,&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;,&quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"> 将一个整数转换为一个八进制字符串 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

12、算术运算符

PS：赋值和比较运算符的话和Java类似，这里就不详细说了。  
13、位运算符

示例：

a = 60 # 60 = 0011 1100 b = 13 # 13 = 0000 1101 c = 0
 
 c = a & b; # 12 = 0000 1100 print "1 - c 的值为：", c
 
 c = a | b; # 61 = 0011 1101 print "2 - c 的值为：", c
 
 c = a ^ b; # 49 = 0011 0001 print "3 - c 的值为：", c
 
 c = ~a; # -61 = 1100 0011 print "4 - c 的值为：", c
 
 c = a << 2; # 240 = 1111 0000 print "5 - c 的值为：", c
 
 c = a >> 2; # 15 = 0000 1111 print "6 - c 的值为：", c

结果： ![Image 1][]

14、逻辑运算符

15、成员运算符

除了以上的一些运算符之外，Python还支持成员运算符，测试实例中包含了一系列的成员，包括字符串，列表或元组。

15、身份运算符

身份运算符用于比较两个对象的存储单元

注： [id()][id] 函数用于获取对象内存地址。

is 与 == 区别：

is 用于判断两个变量引用对象是否为同一个，两边的参数指向内存中同个地址块

== 用于判断引用变量的值是否相等。

>>> a = [1, 2, 3]
    >>> b = a
    >>> b is a 
    True
    >>> b == a
    True
    >>> b = a[:]
    >>> b is a
    False
    >>> b == a
    True

16、运算符优先级