Java和PHP在Web开发方面的比较

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2022-06-07 02:07 134阅读 0赞

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比较 PHP和JSP这两个Web开发技术，在目前的情况是其实是比较PHP和Java的Web开发。以下是我就几个主要方面进行的比较：

一、 语言比较

PHP是解释执行的服务器脚本语言，首先php有简单容易上手的特点。语法和c语言比较象，所以学过c语言的程序员可以很快的熟悉php的开发。而java需要先学好java的语法和熟悉一些核心的类库，懂得面向对象的程序设计方法。所以java不如php好学。

Java首先要编译成字节码.class文件，然后在java虚拟机上解释执行。Java的Web开发首先最容易想到的就是JSP(现在已经到JSP2.0)，原来的java的Web开发都是用servlet来实现的，用servlet来开发需要程序员在java的源文件中嵌入大量的html代码。所以后来就出现了JSP,JSP可以方便的嵌入到html文件当中，其实jsp文件在服务器上执行的时候首先会被应用服务器转换成servlet，然后再编译执行。Jsp可以通过servlet和JavaBean的支持产生强大的功能。JavaBean 是一种可复用的、跨平台的软件组件。使用javabean可以方便的实现java代码和html的分离，能够增强系统的功能和软件的复用性。

Java的Web开发属于SUN公司定义的J2EE其中的规范。而且在J2EE中包括了java的Web开发的所有方面，如：JSP、Servlet、JDBC、JNDI、JAVABEAN、EJB等等。J2EE就特别适合于做大型的企业级的应用。

二、 数据库访问比较

Java通过JDBC来访问数据库，通过不同的数据库厂商提供的数据库驱动方便地访问数据库。访问数据库的接口比较统一。

PHP对于不同的数据库采用不同的数据库访问接口，所以数据库访问代码的通用性不强。例如：用Java开发的Web应用从MySQL数据库转到Oracle数据库只需要做很少的修改。而PHP则需要做大量的修改工作。

三、 系统设计架构比较

采用 Java的Web开发技术，需要使用的是面向对象的系统设计方法，而PHP还是采用面向过程的开发方法。所以用Java进行开发前期需要做大量的系统分析和设计的工作。

四、 跨平台性

Java和PHP都有很好的跨平台的特性。几乎都可以在不作任何修改的情况下运行在Linux或者Windows等不同的操作系统上。

五、 开发成本比较

PHP最经典的组合就是：PHP + MySQL + Apache。非常适合开发中小型的Web应用，开发的速度比较快。而且所有的软件都是开源免费的，可以减少投入。

Java的Web应用服务器有免费Tomcat、JBoss等，如果需要更好的商业化的服务有：Web Sphere和 Web logic。

六、 分布式多层架构比较

PHP只能实现简单的分布式两层或三层的架构，而JAVA在这方面就比较强大，可以实现多层的网络架构。数据库层(持久化层)、应用(业务)逻辑层、表示逻辑层彼此分开，而且现在不同的层都已经有一些成熟的开发框架的支持。例如Struts就是利用java的Web开发技术实现了MVC的设计模式，而在业务逻辑层也有Spring框架，数据库持久化层有Hibernate等框架。这些框架可以方便开发者高效、合理、科学得架构多层的商业应用。

下面简要的说一下 Struts，它实质上是在JSP Model2的基础上实现的一个MVC(Model、View、Controler)框架。JSP Model2体系结构是一种联合使用JSP 与Servlet 来提供动态内容的方法。在Struts框架中，模型由实现业务逻辑的JavaBean或EJB组件构成，控制器由Servlet实现的，视图由一组JSP文件组成。采用Struts可以明确角色的定义和开发者与网页设计者的分工。而且项目越复杂，其优势越明显。

七、 源代码安全

PHP开发的程序的源代码都是公开的，他人拿到php开发的程序后都可以进行修改。

Java开发的程序，最后用户拿到的是只是一些编译好的class类，无法看到完整的源代码，安全性高。

八、性能比较

有人做过试验，对这两种种语言分别做回圈性能测试及存取 Oracle数据库测试。

在循环性能测试中， JSP只用了令人吃惊的四秒钟就结束了20000\*20000的回圈。而PHP测试的是2000\*2000循环(少一个数量级)，却分别用了63秒。

数据库测试中，二者分别对 Oracle 8 进行 1000 次 Insert,Update,Select和Delete： JSP 需要 13 秒，PHP 需要 69 秒。

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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; border-top-width:0px; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <h4 style="margin:0px 0px 0.5em; padding:0px; font-weight:400; font-size:16px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.7em; color:inherit; text-indent:1em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 项目</h4> </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; border-top-width:0px; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <h4 style="margin:0px 0px 0.5em; padding:0px; font-weight:400; font-size:16px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.7em; color:inherit; text-indent:1em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> PHP</h4> </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; border-top-width:0px; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <h4 style="margin:0px 0px 0.5em; padding:0px; font-weight:400; font-size:16px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; font-family:inherit; line-height:1.7em; color:inherit; text-indent:1em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> JAVA</h4> </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 可复用性 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 低 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 高 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 开发速度 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 快 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 慢 </td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 易维护性 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 差 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 优 </td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 可移植性 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 优－Linux </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> Windows、Unix </td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 安全性 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 低 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 高 </td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 开发费用 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 低 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 高 </td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 多层架构 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 差 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 优 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 数据库访问 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 接口不统一 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 接口统一 </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 可扩展性 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 差 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 优 </td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.3em; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 面向对象 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 差 </td> 
 <td style="padding:8px; margin:0px; word-break:break-all; max-width:100%; line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:top; font-size:14px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> <p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0.75em; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; max-width:100%; clear:both; min-height:1em; border-width:medium; border-style:none; word-break:break-all; line-height:1.7em; text-indent:1em; font-size:16px; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 优 </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

综上所述，我个人认为， PHP适合于快速开发，中小型应用系统，开发成本低，能够对变动的需求作出快速的反应。而Java适合于开发大型的应用系统，应用的前景比较广阔，系统易维护、可复用性较好。还有，同样功能的系统用Java开发的系统要比PHP开发的系统的价格要高。