Django快速入门（入门）

本是古典何须时尚 2022-06-06 14:39 305阅读 0赞

> 学习笔记，快速搭建一个可以跑的Django环境

### 0. 启动虚拟环境 ###

xxx@xxx:~/py_script/pro-env$ ls
    bin  include  lib  local
    xxx@xxx:~/py_script/pro-env$ source bin/activate

### 1. 安装Django ###

(pro-env) xxx@xxx:~/py_script/pro-env$ pip install django
    Collecting django
      Downloading Django-1.11.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.9MB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 7.0MB 107kB/s 
    Collecting pytz (from django)
      Downloading pytz-2017.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (511kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 512kB 210kB/s 
    Installing collected packages: pytz, django
    Successfully installed django-1.11.7 pytz-2017.3

*  测试版本

(pro-env) xxx@xxx:~/py_script/pro-env$ python
    Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 19 2016, 06:48:10) 
    [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import django
    >>> django.get_version()
    '1.11.7'

### 3. 创建项目 ###

# 创建项目mysite
    (pro-env) xxx@xxx:~/py_script/pro-env$ django-admin startproject mysite
    # 创建的文件list
    (pro-env) xxx@xxx:~/py_script/pro-env$ tree mysite/
    mysite/                 # 项目容器
    ├── manage.py           # manager脚本
    └── mysite              # 此目录是项目的Pyhton包，导入这里面的内容时要使用目录的名称
        ├── __init__.py
        ├── settings.py    # 配置文件
        ├── urls.py        # url声明
        └── wsgi.py        # web服务器接口

*  配置文件：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
        'django.contrib.admin',         # 管理后台
        'django.contrib.auth',          # 身份验证系统
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',  # 内容类型框架
        'django.contrib.sessions',      # 会话框架
        'django.contrib.messages',      # 消息框架
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',   # 管理静态文件的框架
    ]

Django 项目默认包含这些应用,这是为常见场景所做的约定。其中某些应用要使用数据库表,因此使用之前要在数据库中创建所需的表。

(pro-env) xxx@xxx:~/py_script/pro-env/mysite$ python manage.py migrate
    Operations to perform:
      Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
    Running migrations:
      Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
      Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
      Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
      Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
      Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
      Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
      Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
      Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
      Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
      Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
      Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
      Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
      Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

### 4. 开发服务器 ###

(pro-env) xxx@xxx:~/py_script/pro-env/mysite$ python manage.py runserver
    Performing system checks...
    
    System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
    November 11, 2017 - 11:55:32
    Django version 1.11.7, using settings 'mysite.settings'
    Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
    Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

可以访问到web页面