Spring整合MockMvc单元测试，Java配置

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2022-06-06 10:43 326阅读 0赞

Spring整合MockMvc进行单元测试，首先添加Spring-Test maven依赖:

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

Java配置如下:

package com.bob.test.config;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    
    import com.bob.config.mvc.model.User;
    import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
    import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpSession;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
    import org.springframework.util.Assert;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    import com.bob.config.mvc.MvcContextConfig;
    import com.bob.config.mvc.exception.CustomizedException;
    import com.bob.config.root.RootContextConfig;
    import com.google.gson.Gson;
    
    /** * @since 2016年12月8日 下午4:45:26 * @author * */
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
    //ContextConfiguration可以指定Java配置类，或者是配置文件，这里是基于Java配置形式
    @ContextConfiguration(classes = { RootContextConfig.class, MvcContextConfig.class })
    public abstract class BaseControllerTest { 
    
        protected Gson gson;
    
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
        protected MockHttpSession session;
    
        protected Object mappedController;
    
        protected String userName;
        protected String password;
    
        protected boolean loginBefore;
    
        @Autowired
        protected WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
    
        @Before()
        public void setup() {
            gson = new Gson();
            // 初始化MockMvc对象
            mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build(); 
            init();
        }
    
        /** * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String getRequest(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.GET, null, false, null, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String getAsyncRequest(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.GET, null, true, null, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param contentType * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String postRequest(MediaType contentType, String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.POST, contentType, false, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param contentType * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String postAsyncRequest(MediaType contentType, String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.POST, contentType, true, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String postRequest(String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.POST, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, false, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String postAsyncRequest(String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.POST, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, true, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param contentType * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String putRequest(MediaType contentType, String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.PUT, contentType, false, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param contentType * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String putAsyncRequest(MediaType contentType, String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.PUT, contentType, true, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String putRequest(String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.PUT, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, false, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String putAsyncRequest(String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.PUT, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, true, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String deleteRequest(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.DELETE, null, false, null, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String deleteAsyncRequest(String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
            return doRequest(RequestMethod.DELETE, null, true, null, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
        }
    
        /** * @param filePath * @return */
        public String readJsonFile(String filePath) {
            BufferedReader bufferReader = null;
            try {
                File file = new File(filePath);
                long length = file.length();
                if (length > 5 * 1024 * 1024) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("试图读取的文件大小超过5M");
                }
                return IOUtils.toString(new FileInputStream(file), "UTF-8");
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                throw e;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(filePath, e);
            } finally {
                try {
                    if (null != bufferReader) {
                        bufferReader.close();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                }
            }
        }
    
        /** * * @param method * @param contentType * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        protected String doRequest(RequestMethod method, MediaType contentType, boolean async, String content, String urlTemplate, Object... urlVariables) {
    
            checkMappedController(urlTemplate);
    
            MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder;
            switch (method) {
            case GET:
                builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(urlTemplate, urlVariables);
                break;
            case POST:
                builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(urlTemplate, urlVariables);
                break;
            case PUT:
                builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.put(urlTemplate, urlVariables);
                break;
            case DELETE:
                builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete(urlTemplate, urlVariables);
                break;
            default:
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException(method.name());
            }
            if (loginBefore && login(userName, password)) {
                builder.session(session);
            }
            if (content != null) {
                builder.contentType(contentType).content(content);
            }
            try {
                MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(builder).andReturn();
                return async ? mvcResult.getAsyncResult().toString() : mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return hanldeRequestException(e, method, contentType, content, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
            }
        }
    
        /** * 上传文件 * * @param file * 文件域名称 * @param path * 路由 * @param urlTemplate * @param async * 是否是异步请求 * @param urlVariables * @return */
        public String fileUpload(String file, String path, String urlTemplate, boolean async, Object... urlVariables) {
            checkMappedController(urlTemplate);
            MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.fileUpload(urlTemplate, urlVariables);
            if (loginBefore && login(userName, password)) {
                builder.session(session);
            }
            try {
                builder.file(file, FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(new File(path)));
                MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(builder).andReturn();
                return async ? mvcResult.getAsyncResult().toString() : mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return hanldeRequestException(e, RequestMethod.POST, null, null, urlTemplate, urlVariables);
            }
        }
    
        /** * @param e * @param method * @param contentType * @param content * @param urlTemplate * @param urlVariables * @return */
        protected String hanldeRequestException(Exception e, RequestMethod method, MediaType contentType, String content, String urlTemplate,
                Object... urlVariables) {
            return null;
        }
    
        /** * 登录 * * @param userName * @param password * @return * @throws Exception * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException */
        private boolean login(String userName, String password) {
            User user = new User(userName, password);
            MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/users/login");
            builder.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(gson.toJson(user));
            String result = null;
            try {
                MvcResult mvc = mockMvc.perform(builder).andReturn();
                this.session = (MockHttpSession) mvc.getRequest().getSession();
                result = mvc.getResponse().getContentAsString();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("用户名[%s],密码[%s]登录异常,请重新登录。", userName, password));
            }
            Assert.state(Boolean.parseBoolean(result), String.format("用户名[%s],密码[%s]登录失败,请验证用户名密码。", userName, password));
            this.loginBefore = false;
            return true;
        }
    
        /** * 校验请求的路由是否匹配指定的Controller,主要根据Controller上的@RequestMapping()来校验 * * @param urlTemplate */
        private void checkMappedController(String urlTemplate) {
            Assert.notNull(mappedController, "必须指明当前ControllerTest映射到哪个Controller");
            Class<?> controllerClass = AopUtils.isAopProxy(mappedController) ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(mappedController) : mappedController.getClass();
            RequestMapping mapping = controllerClass.getAnnotation(RequestMapping.class);
            Assert.notNull(mapping, "mappedController必须含有[RequestMapping]注解");
            boolean mapped = false;
            for (String value : mapping.value()) {
                if (value.contains("{")) {
                    value = value.substring(0, value.indexOf("{") + 1); // 当@RequestMapping("/user/{id}")形式时,截取"/user"
                }
                if (urlTemplate.startsWith(value)) {
                    mapped = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!mapped) {
                throw new CustomizedException(String.format("请求路由[%s]不匹配Controller：[%s]", urlTemplate, mappedController.getClass().getName()));
            }
        }
    
        /** * 模板方法,由子类重写以决定是否在运行之前登录 */
        protected abstract void init();
    
    }

使用方法:

package com.bob.test.controller;
    
    import com.bob.config.mvc.model.CacheModel;
    import com.bob.test.config.BaseControllerTest;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    
    import com.bob.mvc.controller.RedisCacheController;
    import com.google.gson.Gson;
    
    /** * @since 2016年12月8日 下午5:16:52 * @version $Id$ * @author JiangJibo * */
    public class StudentControllerTest extends BaseControllerTest { 
    
        @Autowired //需要指定当前ControllerTest测试的是哪个Controller
        private RedisCacheController studentController;
    
        /* (non-Javadoc) * @see com.bob.test.config.BaseControllerTest#init() */
        @Override 
        protected void init() {
            super.mappedController = studentController;
            super.userName = "lanboal";
            super.password = "123456";
            //若需要在运行Controler测试前登陆，则需要在BaseControllerTest的login方法内指定你登陆的请求路径，
            //同时设置好登陆名及密码，这样在运行单元测试前会先执行登陆操作，然后将登录的SESSION传递给当前的测试用例，
            //当前测试时就能获取到用户的登录信息。
            super.loginBefore = true;
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testFormatDate() {
            String result = this.getRequest("/stus/date?date=1988-07-26", "");
            System.out.println("\t" + result);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testListAll() throws Exception {
            //如果请求的是异步的，要求Controler的相应方法返回的对象时DeferredResult,Callable,WebAsyncTask这三个。
            String result = this.getAsyncRequest("/stus?mediaType=xml", "");
            System.out.println("\t" + result);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testListByAge() throws Exception {
            String result = this.getRequest("/stus/age/27", "");
            System.out.println("\t" + result);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testCreate() {
            CacheModel sutdent = new CacheModel();
            sutdent.setId(10);
            sutdent.setAge(30);
            sutdent.setAdress("金华");
            sutdent.setTelephone("1748568745");
            this.postRequest(new Gson().toJson(sutdent), "/stus", "");
        }
    
    }