【网络编程】（四）BIO传统版、多线程版、线程池版对比

缺乏、安全感 2022-06-06 01:13 246阅读 0赞

BIO：JDK1.4以前我们使用都是BIO   阻塞IO

阻塞到我们的读写方法 , 阻塞到线程来提供性能.对于线程的开销本来就是性能的浪费.

# 举例一［传统版］ #

Server.java

public class Server {
    
    	@SuppressWarnings("resource")
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
    		//创建socket服务,监听10101端口
    		ServerSocket server=new ServerSocket(10101);
    		System.out.println("服务器启动！");
    		while(true){
    			//获取一个套接字（阻塞）
    			final Socket socket = server.accept();
    			System.out.println("来个一个新客户端！");
    			//业务处理
    			handler(socket);
    			
    		}
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 读取数据
    	 */
    	public static void handler(Socket socket){
    			try {
    				byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
    				InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
    				
    				while(true){
    					//读取数据（阻塞）
    					int read = inputStream.read(bytes);
    					if(read != -1){
    						System.out.println(new String(bytes, 0, read));
    					}else{
    						break;
    					}
    				}
    			} catch (Exception e) {
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}finally{
    				try {
    					System.out.println("socket关闭");
    					socket.close();
    				} catch (IOException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    	}
    }

说明：单线程情况下只能有一个客户端！

阻塞点  
server.accept();  
inputStream.read(bytes);

# 举例二［多线程版］ #

每当有一个新的客户端请求接入时，服务端必须创建一个新的线程处理新接入的客户端链路，一个线程只能处理一个客户端连接。

Server.java

import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    
    public class Server {
    
    	final static int PROT = 8765;
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		
    		ServerSocket server = null;
    		try {
    			server = new ServerSocket(PROT);
    			System.out.println(" server start .. ");
    			//进行阻塞
    			Socket socket = server.accept();
    			//新建一个线程执行客户端的任务
    			new Thread(new ServerHandler(socket)).start();
    			
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			if(server != null){
    				try {
    					server.close();
    				} catch (IOException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			server = null;
    		}
    		
    		
    		
    	}

ServerHandler.java

package bhz.bio;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    public class ServerHandler implements Runnable{
    
    	private Socket socket ;
    	
    	public ServerHandler(Socket socket){
    		this.socket = socket;
    	}
    	
    	@Override
    	public void run() {
    		BufferedReader in = null;
    		PrintWriter out = null;
    		try {
    			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.socket.getInputStream()));
    			out = new PrintWriter(this.socket.getOutputStream(), true);
    			String body = null;
    			while(true){
    				body = in.readLine();
    				if(body == null) break;
    				System.out.println("Server :" + body);
    				out.println("服务器端回送响的应数据.");
    			}
    			
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			if(in != null){
    				try {
    					in.close();
    				} catch (IOException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(out != null){
    				try {
    					out.close();
    				} catch (Exception e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(socket != null){
    				try {
    					socket.close();
    				} catch (IOException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			socket = null;
    		}
    		
    		
    	}
    
    }

Client.java

package bhz.bio;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    public class Client {
    
    	final static String ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
    	final static int PORT = 8765;
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		
    		Socket socket = null;
    		BufferedReader in = null;
    		PrintWriter out = null;
    		
    		try {
    			socket = new Socket(ADDRESS, PORT);
    			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
    			out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
    			
    			//向服务器端发送数据
    			out.println("接收到客户端的请求数据...");
    			String response = in.readLine();
    			System.out.println("Client: " + response);
    			
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			if(in != null){
    				try {
    					in.close();
    				} catch (IOException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(out != null){
    				try {
    					out.close();
    				} catch (Exception e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(socket != null){
    				try {
    					socket.close();
    				} catch (IOException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			socket = null;
    		}
    	}
    }

问题：每当有一个新的客户端请求接入时，服务端必须创建一个新的线程处理新接入的客户端链路，一个线程只能处理一个客户端连接。在高性能服务器应用领域，往往需要面向成千上万个客户端的并发连接，这种模型显然无法满足高性能、高并发接入的场景。系统会发生线程堆栈溢出、创建新线程失败等问题，并最终导致进程宕机或者僵死，不能对外提供服务。

# 举例三［线程池版］ #

采用线程池和任务队列可以实现一种叫做伪异步的IO通信框架  
  
  
为了改进一线程一连接模型，后来又演进出了一种通过线程池和消息队列实现N个线程处理M个客户端的模型。当有新的客户端接入的时候，将客户端的Socket封装成一个Task（该任务实现java.lang.Runnable接口）投递到后端的线程池中进行处理,JDK的线程池维护一个消息队列和N个活跃线程对消息队列中的任务进行处理。通过线程池可以灵活的调配线程资源，设置线程的最大值，防止由于海量并发接入导致线程耗尽。由于它的底层通信机制依然使用同步阻塞IO，所以被称为 “伪异步”。  
  
  
Server.java

package bhz.bio2;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    public class Server {
    
    	final static int PORT = 8765;
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		ServerSocket server = null;
    		BufferedReader in = null;
    		PrintWriter out = null;
    		try {
    			server = new ServerSocket(PORT);
    			System.out.println("server start");
    			Socket socket = null;
    			HandlerExecutorPool executorPool = new HandlerExecutorPool(50, 1000);
    			while(true){
    				socket = server.accept();
    				executorPool.execute(new ServerHandler(socket));
    			}
    			
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			if(in != null){
    				try {
    					in.close();
    				} catch (Exception e1) {
    					e1.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(out != null){
    				try {
    					out.close();
    				} catch (Exception e2) {
    					e2.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(server != null){
    				try {
    					server.close();
    				} catch (Exception e3) {
    					e3.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			server = null;				
    		}
    		
    	
    	
    	}
    	
    	
    }

ServerHandler.java

package bhz.bio2;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    public class ServerHandler implements Runnable {
    
    	private Socket socket;
    	public ServerHandler (Socket socket){
    		this.socket = socket;
    	}
    	
    	@Override
    	public void run() {
    		BufferedReader in = null;
    		PrintWriter out = null;
    		try {
    			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.socket.getInputStream()));
    			out = new PrintWriter(this.socket.getOutputStream(), true);
    			String body = null;
    			while(true){
    				body = in.readLine();
    				if(body == null) break;
    				System.out.println("Server:" + body);
    				out.println("Server response");
    			}
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			if(in != null){
    				try {
    					in.close();
    				} catch (Exception e1) {
    					e1.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(out != null){
    				try {
    					out.close();
    				} catch (Exception e2) {
    					e2.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(socket != null){
    				try {
    					socket.close();
    				} catch (Exception e3) {
    					e3.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			socket = null;			
    		}
    		
    		
    	}
    
    }

HandlerExecutorPool.java

package bhz.bio2;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
    import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
    
    public class HandlerExecutorPool {
    
    	private ExecutorService executor;
    	public HandlerExecutorPool(int maxPoolSize, int queueSize){
            //maxPoolSize线程池中最大的线程数
    		//如果线程在120s之内是空闲的，则线程回收
    	    //queueSize
    	    //举例：有150个客户端向服务器发起socket连接，但是笔记本只支持8个线程。剩下的142个socket中，有queueSize（100）个放在等待队列中，剩下的42个小于maxPoolSize（50），所以新建42个线程。
    		this.executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
    				Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(),
    				maxPoolSize, 
    				120L, 
    				TimeUnit.SECONDS,
    				new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(queueSize));
    	}
    	
    	public void execute(Runnable task){
    		this.executor.execute(task);
    	}
    	
    	
    	
    }

Client.java

package bhz.bio2;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.net.Socket;
    import java.net.UnknownHostException;
    
    public class Client {
    	
    	final static String ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";
    	final static int PORT =8765;
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		Socket socket = null;
    		BufferedReader in = null;
    		PrintWriter out = null;
    		try {
    			socket = new Socket(ADDRESS, PORT);
    			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
    			out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
    			
    			out.println("Client request");
    			
    			String response = in.readLine();
    			System.out.println("Client:" + response);
    			
    			
    		}  catch (Exception e) {
    			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally {
    			if(in != null){
    				try {
    					in.close();
    				} catch (Exception e1) {
    					e1.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(out != null){
    				try {
    					out.close();
    				} catch (Exception e2) {
    					e2.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			if(socket != null){
    				try {
    					socket.close();
    				} catch (Exception e3) {
    					e3.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    			socket = null;				
    		}
    		
    		
    		
    	}
    
    }

# 总结 #

传统版：单线程模型下，只能有一个客户端。

多线程版：一线程一连接模型。为每个请求都创建一个独立线程造成的线程资源耗尽问题。无法满足高性能、高并发接入的场景。

线程池版：伪异步的IO通信框架，采用线程池＋任务队列实现。但是由于它底层的通信依然采用同步阻塞模型，因此无法从根本上解决问题。

参考文章：

[《《Netty 权威指南》—— 传统的BIO编程》][Netty _ _BIO]  
[《《Netty 权威指南》—— 伪异步IO编程》][Netty _ _IO]

[Netty _ _BIO]: http://ifeve.com/netty-definitive-guide-2-1/
[Netty _ _IO]: http://ifeve.com/netty-definitive-guide-2-2/