android json解析详解（json手动解析）

叁歲伎倆 2022-06-05 00:17 1011阅读 0赞

一 .json简介

1）概念:json全称是javaScript object Notation，是一种病轻量级的数据交换格式。

2）特点：

1.本质就是具有特定格式的字符串

2，.json完全独立于编程语言

3.json比xml数据传输的有效性要高出很多

二。json数据格式

1）整体结构：

String json1="\{“id”：“12”，“name”：“TOM”\}";

String json2=''\[\{“id”：“12”，“name”：“TOM”\},\{“id”：“12”，“name”：“TOM”\},\{“id”：“12”，“name”：“TOM”\}\]"

2)json对象

1）json对象的结构：

\{key:value1,key:value2,\}

2)key的数据结构类型：字符串

3）value的数据类型：数值，字符串，null,json数组\[\] ，json对象\{\}

4：例子：\{“id”：“12”，“name”：“TOM”\}

3）json数组

1）json数组的结构 \[value1,value2,value3\]

2)value的数据类型：数值， 字符串 null json数组\[\] json对象\{\}

3）例子：\[1, “ab”,\[\], \{“n”:123, “b”:”abc”\}\]

三。json解析方向

1）将java对象（包含集合）转换为json字符串格式（在服务器端应用）

2）将json格式字符串转换java对象（在客户端应用）

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3）json和java之间的转换关系

json对应java对象转换

json数组和java对象构成的list对应

json解析技术

android原生解析

1）特点： 编程相对麻烦

2）数据之间转换

（1）将json格式的字符串\{\}转换为Java对象

API：

JSONObject(String json) : 将json字符串解析为json对象

Xxx getXxx(String name) : 根据name, 在json对象中得到对应的Value

Xxx optXxx(String name) : 根据name, 在json对象中得到对应的Value

注意：

optXxx方法会在对应的key中的值不存在的时候返回一个空字符串或者返回你指定的默认值，但是getString方法会出现空指针异常的错误。

测试数据：

（2）将json格式的字符串\[\]转换为Java对象的List

API:

JSONArray(String json) : 将json字符串解析为json数组

int length() : 得到json数组中元素的个数

Xxx getXxx(int index) : 根据下标得到json数组中对应的元素数据

Xxx optXxx(int index) : 根据下标得到json数组中对应的元素数据

注意：

optXxx方法会在对应的key中的值不存在的时候返回一个空字符串或者返回你指定的默认值，但是getString方法会出现空指针异常的错误。

测试数据：

（3）复杂json数据解析

a) 测试数据:

http://api.ds.lingshi.cccwei.com/?cid=625561&uid=0&tms=20160427085818&sig=36b291895c63dfc4&wssig=26637611c0c64fb7&os\_type=3&version=24&channel\_name=feibo&srv=2402&classify\_id=32

b) GsonFormat工具生成对象类

见工具使用

c) 手动解析json数据

（4）特殊json数据解析

a) 测试数据

http://api.bilibili.com/online\_list?\_device=android&platform=android&typeid=13&sign=a520d8d8f7a7240013006e466c8044f7

b) 手动写解析json数据的对象类

c) 手动解析json数据

2.Gson框架技术

1)特点：编码简洁，谷歌官方推荐

2）下载地址： [https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.code.gson/gson][https_mvnrepository.com_artifact_com.google.code.gson_gson]

3）数据之间转换

（1）将json格式的字符串\{\}转换为Java对象

API：

fromJson(String json, Class<T> classOfT);

注意：

要求json对象中的key的名称与java对象对应的类中的属性名要相同

步骤

1）将Gson的jar包导入到项目中

2）创建Gson对象 ：

Gson gson = new Gson();

3）通过创建的Gson对象调用fromJson()方法，返回该JSON数据对应的Java对象：

ShopInfo shopInfo = gson.fromJson(json, ShopInfo.class);

测试数据：

（2）将json格式的字符串\[\]转换为Java对象的List

API:

fromJson(String json, Type typeOfT);

type

测试数据：

步骤

1）将Gson的jar包导入到项目中

2）创建Gson对象 ：

Gson gson = new Gson();

3）通过创建的Gson对象调用fromJson()方法，返回该JSON数据对应的Java集合：

List<ShopInfo> shops = gson.fromJson(json, new TypeToken<List<ShopInfo>>() \{\}.getType());

（3）将Java对象转换为json字符串\{\}

API:

String toJson(Object src);

步骤

1）将Gson的jar包导入到项目中

2）创建Gson对象 ：

Gson gson = new Gson();

3）通过创建的Gson对象调用toJson()方法，返回json数据：

ShopInfo shop = new ShopInfo(1, "鲍鱼", 250.0, "");

String json = gson.toJson(shop);

（4）将Java对象的List转换为json字符串\[\]

API:

String toJson(Object src);

步骤

1）将Gson的jar包导入到项目中

2）创建Gson对象 ：

Gson gson = new Gson();

3）通过创建的Gson对象调用toJson()方法，返回json数据：

List<ShopInfo> shops = new ArrayList<>();

String json = gson.toJson(shops);

3。FastJson框架技术

1）特点：FasrJson是java语言编程写的高性能完善json库，他采用一种假定有序快速匹配算法，把jsonParse的性能提升到极致，目前是java语言中最快的json库

2）下载地址： [https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki][https_github.com_alibaba_fastjson_wiki]

3)数据之间的转换

（1）将json格式的字符串\{\}转换为Java对象

API: parseObject(String json, Class<T> classOfT);

步骤：

1）导入fastjson的jar包

2）JSON调用parseObject()方法，获取转换后的Java对象

例如：ShopInfo shopInfo = JSON.parseObject(json, ShopInfo.class);

测试数据：

（2）将json格式的字符串\[\]转换为Java对象的List

API: List<T> parseArray(String json,Class<T> classOfT);

步骤：

1）导入fastjson的jar包

2）JSON调用parseArray()方法，获取转换后的Java集合

例如：List<ShopInfo> shopInfos = JSON.parseArray(json, ShopInfo.class);

测试数据：

（3）将Java对象转换为json字符串\{\}

API: String toJSONString(Object object);

步骤：

1）导入fastjson的jar包

2）JSON调用toJSONString()方法，获取转换后的json数据

例如：

ShopInfo shopInfo = new ShopInfo(1, "鲍鱼", 250.0, "baoyu");

String json = JSON.toJSONString(shopInfo);

（4）将Java对象的List转换为json字符串\[\]

API: String toJSONString(Object object);

步骤：

1）导入fastjson的jar包

2）JSON调用toJSONString()方法，获取转换后的json数据

例如：

List<ShopInfo> shops = new ArrayList<>();

ShopInfo baoyu = new ShopInfo(1, "鲍鱼", 250.0, "baoyu");

ShopInfo longxia = new ShopInfo(2, "龙虾", 251.0, "longxia");

shops.add(baoyu);

shops.add(longxia);

String json = JSON.toJSONString(shops);

5.GsonFormat工具使用教程

**1** **\_** ** GsonFormat** **工具使用**

**1** **.1\_** **GsonFormat**

1 ）打开 Android studio 页面，点击设置按钮。

![Image 1][]

![Center][]

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2 ）点击 Plugins 按钮

![Image 1][]

![Center 1][]

3 ）在右侧输入框中输入 gsonformat, 然后点击中间部位的 Browse( 必须在联网情况下点击 )

![Image 1][]

![Center 2][]

4 ）选择 GsonFormat ，点击右侧的安装插件

![Center 3][]

![Image 1][]

5 ）重启一下 Android studio

6 ）在 Android studio 中创建一个类

![Image 1][]

![Center 4][]

7 ）在该类中同时按下 alt \+shift+s ，并点击 GsonFormat

![Image 1][]

![Center 5][]

8 ）将要解析的 JSON 字符串粘贴到 GsonFormat 中

![Center 6][]

![Image 1][]

9 ）点击 OK

![Image 1][]

![Center 7][]

10 ）这样就将输入的 JSON 数据转换为了 bean 对象

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    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,128); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)"><strong>this</strong></span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">.</span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(102,14,122); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)"><strong>price </strong></span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">= price;</span> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</span> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <br> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,128); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)"><strong>public </strong></span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">String getImagePath() { </span> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,128); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)"><strong>return </strong></span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(102,14,122); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)"><strong>imagePath</strong></span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">;</span> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</span> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <br> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,128); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)"><strong>public void </strong></span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">setImagePath(String imagePath) { </span> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,128); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)"><strong>this</strong></span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">.</span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(102,14,122); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)"><strong>imagePath </strong></span> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">= imagePath;</span> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</span> 
    </div> 
    <div> 
     <span style="font-family:&quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;,STXihei; color:rgb(0,0,0); background-color:rgb(204,232,207)">}</span> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

[Image 1]: 
[https_mvnrepository.com_artifact_com.google.code.gson_gson]: https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.code.gson/gson
[https_github.com_alibaba_fastjson_wiki]: https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki
[Center]: /images/20220605/313ef849941745c7ae2024b801db7e3b.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220605/4a99532c220142eb80b46b0b768346ba.png
[Center 2]: /images/20220605/6002b8747c544352bd8e92713a78ecd9.png
[Center 3]: /images/20220605/7aa471768b4c455bbea89359565b9218.png
[Center 4]: /images/20220605/a8dfed9a6f014d60a71c413227f1097a.png
[Center 5]: /images/20220605/abfbdc729ee045f4bd1765068b5b62d5.png
[Center 6]: /images/20220605/df63589bb01e4c9cb0ba68dbc4d8d0fe.png
[Center 7]: /images/20220605/6757dbc3429a4b5896c4631925d9b250.png