Ubuntu新建用户

今天药忘吃喽~ 2022-06-04 09:58 377阅读 0赞

## Linux系统用户账号的管理 ##

用户账号的管理工作主要涉及到用户账号的添加、修改和删除。

添加用户账号就是在系统中创建一个新账号，然后为新账号分配用户号、用户组、主目录和登录Shell等资源。刚添加的账号是被锁定的，无法使用。

添加新用户是在root根目录下添加的，因此我们首先切换到root目录下

首先执行sudo passwd,输入当前用户密码；接着设置root密码，输入确认密码；

## 添加新的用户账号使用useradd命令： ##

格式：useradd  选项 用户名

参数说明：

选项:

l   \-c comment 指定一段注释性描述。

l   \-d  目录 指定用户主目录，如果此目录不存在，则同时使用-m选项，可以创建主目录。

l   \-g  用户组 指定用户所属的用户组。

l   \-G  用户组，用户组 指定用户所属的附加组。

l   \-s Shell文件 指定用户的登录Shell。

l   \-u  用户号 指定用户的用户号，如果同时有-o选项，则可以重复使用其他用户的标识号。

用户名:

l   指定新账号的登录名。

例子1：

useradd –d /usr/sam -m sam

此命令创建了一个用户sam，其中-d和-m选项用来为登录名sam产生一个主目录/usr/sam（/usr为默认的用户主目录所在的父目录）。

例子2：

useradd -s /bin/sh -g group –G adm,root gem

此命令新建了一个用户gem，该用户的登录Shell是 `/bin/sh`，它属于group用户组，同时又属于adm和root用户组，其中group用户组是其主组。

这里可能新建组：`#groupaddgroup``及groupadd adm`

增加用户账号就是在/etc/passwd文件中为新用户增加一条记录，同时更新其他系统文件如/etc/shadow, /etc/group等。

Linux提供了集成的系统管理工具userconf，它可以用来对用户账号进行统一管理。

## 删除帐号 ##

如果一个用户的账号不再使用，可以从系统中删除。删除用户账号就是要将/etc/passwd等系统文件中的该用户记录删除，必要时还删除用户的主目录。

删除一个已有的用户账号使用`userdel`命令

格式：userdel 选项 用户名

常用的选项是-r，它的作用是把用户的主目录一起删除。

例如：

# userdel sam

此命令删除用户sam在系统文件中（主要是/etc/passwd,/etc/shadow, /etc/group等）的记录，同时删除用户的主目录。

## 修改帐号 ##

修改用户账号就是根据实际情况更改用户的有关属性，如用户号、主目录、用户组、登录Shell等。

修改已有用户的信息使用usermod命令：

格式：usermod 选项 用户名

常用的选项包括-c, -d, -m, -g, -G, -s, -u以及-o等，这些选项的意义与useradd命令中的选项一样，可以为用户指定新的资源值。

另外，有些系统可以使用选项：-l 新用户名

这个选项指定一个新的账号，即将原来的用户名改为新的用户名。

例子：

usermod -s /bin/ksh -d /home/z –g developer sam

此命令将用户sam的登录Shell修改为ksh，主目录改为/home/z，用户组改为developer。

## 用户口令的管理 ##

用户管理的一项重要内容是用户口令的管理。用户账号刚创建时没有口令，但是被系统锁定，无法使用，必须为其指定口令后才可以使用，即使是指定空口令。

指定和修改用户口令的Shell命令是passwd。超级用户可以为自己和其他用户指定口令，普通用户只能用它修改自己的口令。

格式：passwd 选项 用户名

可使用的选项：

l   \-l  锁定口令，即禁用账号。

l   \-u  口令解锁。

l   \-d  使账号无口令。

l   \-f  强迫用户下次登录时修改口令。

如果默认用户名，则修改当前用户的口令。

例如，假设当前用户是sam，则下面的命令修改该用户自己的口令：

$ passwd Old password:****** New password:******* Re-enter new password:*******

如果是超级用户，可以用下列形式指定任何用户的口令：

# passwd sam New password:******* Re-enter new password:*******

普通用户修改自己的口令时，passwd命令会先询问原口令，验证后再要求用户输入两遍新口令，如果两次输入的口令一致，则将这个口令指定给用户；而超级用户为用户指定口令时，就不需要知道原口令。

为了系统安全起见，用户应该选择比较复杂的口令，例如最好使用8位长的口令，口令中包含有大写、小写字母和数字，并且应该与姓名、生日等不相同。

为用户指定空口令时，执行下列形式的命令：

# passwd -d sam

此命令将用户sam的口令删除，这样用户sam下一次登录时，系统就不再询问口令。

passwd命令还可以用-l(lock)选项锁定某一用户，使其不能登录，例如：

# passwd -l sam

## Linux系统用户组的管理 ##

每个用户都有一个用户组，系统可以对一个用户组中的所有用户进行集中管理。不同Linux  系统对用户组的规定有所不同，如Linux下的用户属于与它同名的用户组，这个用户组在创建用户时同时创建。

用户组的管理涉及用户组的添加、删除和修改。组的增加、删除和修改实际上就是对/etc/group文件的更新。

## 增加一个新的用户组使用groupadd命令。其格式如下： ##

groupadd 选项 用户组

可以使用的选项有：

l   \-g GID  指定新用户组的组标识号（GID）。

l   \-o 一般与-g选项同时使用，表示新用户组的GID可以与系统已有用户组的GID相同。

例子1：

# groupadd group1

此命令向系统中增加了一个新组group1，新组的组标识号是在当前已有的最大组标识号的基础上加1。

例子2：

# groupadd -g 101 group2

此命令向系统中增加了一个新组group2，同时指定新组的组标识号是101。

## 如果要删除一个已有的用户组，使用groupdel命令，其格式如下： ##

groupdel 用户组

#### 例子： ####

# groupdel group1

此命令从系统中删除组group1。

## 修改用户组的属性使用groupmod命令。其语法如下： ##

groupmod 选项 用户组

常用的选项有：

l   \-g GID  为用户组指定新的组标识号。

l   \-o 与-g选项同时使用，用户组的新GID可以与系统已有用户组的GID相同。

l   \-n新用户组 将用户组的名字改为新名字

例子1：

# groupmod -g 102 group2

此命令将组group2的组标识号修改为102。

例子2：

# groupmod –g 10000 -n group3 group2

此命令将组group2的标识号改为10000，组名修改为group3。

新建用户的命令是useradd，修改密码是passwd，如下：

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1.  sudo useradd linc  
2.    
3.  sudo passwd linc

但是问题出现了，home目录下并没有相对应的linc目录。

原来ubuntu并没有为我们做那么多，先来看看useradd的选项：

\[plain\]  [view plain][]  [copy][view plain]

1.  选项：  
2.    -b, --base-dir BASE\_DIR   新账户的主目录的基目录  
3.    -c, --comment COMMENT         新账户的 GECOS 字段  
4.    -d, --home-dir HOME\_DIR       新账户的主目录  
5.    -D, --defaults        显示或更改默认的 useradd 配置  
6.    -e, --expiredate EXPIRE\_DATE  新账户的过期日期  
7.    -f, --inactive INACTIVE       新账户的密码不活动期  
8.    -g, --gid GROUP       新账户主组的名称或 ID  
9.    -G, --groups GROUPS   新账户的附加组列表  
10.   -h, --help                    显示此帮助信息并推出  
11.   -k, --skel SKEL\_DIR   使用此目录作为骨架目录  
12.   -K, --key KEY=VALUE           不使用 /etc/login.defs 中的默认值  
13.   -l, --no-log-init 不要将此用户添加到最近登录和登录失败数据库  
14.   -m, --create-home 创建用户的主目录  
15.   -M, --no-create-home      不创建用户的主目录  
16.   -N, --no-user-group   不创建同名的组  
17.   -o, --non-unique      允许使用重复的 UID 创建用户  
18.   -p, --password PASSWORD       加密后的新账户密码  
19.   -r, --system                  创建一个系统账户  
20.   -s, --shell SHELL     新账户的登录 shell  
21.   -u, --uid UID         新账户的用户 ID  
22.   -U, --user-group      创建与用户同名的组  
23.   -Z, --selinux-user SEUSER     为 SELinux 用户映射使用指定 SEUSER

我们需要自己来建一个用户的主目录和shell，如下：

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1.  userdel -r linc  
2.    
3.  useradd linc -m -s /bin/bash

再此设置好密码后，就可以切换用户了，su linc。

用exit也可以退出这个用户到默认用户。

1.Ubuntu中的root帐号默认是被禁用了的，所以登陆的时候没有这个账号

打开终端开启root账户

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      1 
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    <div style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
     <div style="background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px 1em!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">sudo passwd -u root</code> 
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![798214-20170613115327462-766124790.png][]

sudo passwd   root

![798214-20170613115349978-483664595.png][]

设置root密码，输入两次

切换root账号

![798214-20170310142929639-298855341.png][]

root账户开启成功

退出root账户

设置root账户

在Ubuntu下

$是普通管员，\#是系统管理员

2.创建新用户

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      1 
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![798214-20170310174952842-2059044907.png][]

增加管理员权限

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   <td style="padding:3px; list-style-type:none; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
    <div style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
     <div style="background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px 1em!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">vi /etc/sudoers</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

![798214-20170310175747873-456458301.png][]

wq!

强制修改保存

查看所有用户信息

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:1px solid silver; width:701px; word-break:break-word; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tbody style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
  <tr style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
   <td style="padding:3px; list-style-type:none; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> 
    <div style="background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important">
      1 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="padding:3px; list-style-type:none; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
    <div style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
     <div style="background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px 1em!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; white-space:nowrap!important"> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">awk -F</code> 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:blue!important">':'</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; color:blue!important">'{ print $1}'</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">/etc/passwd</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/lincyang/article/details/20922749#
[798214-20170613115327462-766124790.png]: /images/20220604/fc7481d58da5497783f09506c2bc85ff.png
[798214-20170613115349978-483664595.png]: /images/20220604/a44305fda7654d23847884b637b49141.png
[798214-20170310142929639-298855341.png]: /images/20220604/d11cc8beba4d4eb6a096614b09a04a70.png
[798214-20170310174952842-2059044907.png]: /images/20220604/532e25f8cc0044cfaee05248651708e1.png
[798214-20170310175747873-456458301.png]: /images/20220604/0ca362d8129c48608a92d8a33b6a1908.png