Python入门（06） -- 正则表达式

心已赠人 2022-06-03 07:39 185阅读 0赞

1 原子  
(1) 普通字符作为原子

import re
     pattern = "baidu"
     string = "www.baidu.com"
     result = re.search(pattern, string)
     print(result)

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(4, 9), match='baidu'>

(2) 非打印字符作为原子

import re
     pattern = '\n'
     string = """www.baidu.com 2017-12-16 """
     result = re.search(pattern, string)
     print(result)

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(13, 14), match='\n'>

(3) 通用字符作为原子表

import re
     pattern = "\w\dpython\w"
     string = "abc333python_py"
     result = re.search(pattern, string)
     print(result)

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(4, 13), match='33python_'>

说明：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>字符</th> 
   <th align="left">解释</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\w</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配字母、数字及下划</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\W</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配非字母、数字及下划线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\s</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配任意非打印字符，等价于 [\t\n\r\f]</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\S</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配任意非空字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\d</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配任意数字，等价于 [0-9]</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\D</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配任意非数字</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\A</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配字符串开始</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\Z</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配字符串结束，如果是存在换行，只匹配到换行前的结束字符串</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\z</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配字符串结束</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\G</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配最后匹配完成的位置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\b</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配一个单词边界，也就是指单词和空格间的位置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\B</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配非单词边界。’er\B’ 能匹配 “verb” 中的 ‘er’，但不能匹配 “never” 中的 ‘er’</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\n、\t等</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配一个非打印字符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\1…\9</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配第n个分组的内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>\10</td> 
   <td align="left">匹配第n个分组的内容，如果它经匹配。否则指的是八进制字符码的表达式。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

(4) 原子表

import re
    string = "abc123pythonp_py"
    pattern1 = "\w\dpython[a-z]\w"
    pattern2 = "\w\dpython[^a-z]\w"
    pattern3 = "\w\dpython[a-z]\W"
    result1 = re.search(pattern1, string)
    result2 = re.search(pattern2, string)
    result3 = re.search(pattern3, string)
    print(result1)
    print(result2)
    print(result3)

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(4, 14), match='23pythonp_'>
     None
     None

2 元字符  
(1) 任意匹配元字符

import re
    pattern = "...Python."
    string = "ILove123Python_py"
    print(re.search(pattern, string))

(2) 边界限定元字符

import re
    """匹配以ILove开始的字符串"""
    pattern1 = "^ILove"
    """匹配以Love开始的字符串"""
    pattern2 = "^Love"
    """匹配以py结束的字符串"""
    pattern3 = "py$"
    """匹配以ny结束的字符串"""
    pattern4 = "ny$"
    string = "ILove123Python_py"
    result1 = re.search(pattern1, string)
    result2 = re.search(pattern2, string)
    result3 = re.search(pattern3, string)
    result4 = re.search(pattern4, string)
    print(result1)
    print(result2)
    print(result3)
    print(result4)

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 5), match='ILove'>
    None
    <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(15, 17), match='py'>
    None

(3) 限定符

import re
    string = "ILoveAndccccc123Python_py"
    pattern1 = "Py.*n"
    """匹配从o后的两个v"""
    pattern2 = "dc{2}"
    """匹配从o后的三个v"""
    pattern3 = "dc{3}"
    """匹配从o后的最少两个v"""
    pattern4 = "dc{2,}"
    result1 = re.search(pattern1, string)
    result2 = re.search(pattern2, string)
    result3 = re.search(pattern3, string)
    result4 = re.search(pattern4, string)
    print(result1)
    print(result2)
    print(result3)
    print(result4)

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(16, 22), match='Python'>
    <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(7, 10), match='dcc'>
    <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(7, 11), match='dccc'>
    <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(7, 13), match='dccccc'>

(4) 模式选择符

import re
    string = "ILoveAndccccc123Python_py"
    pattern = "Love|Python"
    print(re.search(pattern, string))

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(1, 5), match='Love'>

(5) 模式单元符

import re
    pattern1 = "(cd){1,}"
    pattern2 = "cd{1,}"
    string = "abcdcdcdePython_py"
    result1 = re.search(pattern1, string)  
    result2 = re.search(pattern2, string)
    print(result1)
    print(result2)

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(2, 8), match='cdcdcd'>
    <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(2, 4), match='cd'>

3 模式修正

import re
    pattern1 = "python"
    pattern2 = "python"
    string = "abcdcdcdePython_py"
    result1 = re.search(pattern1, string)  
    result2 = re.search(pattern2, string, re.I)
    print(result1)
    print(result2)

打印结果：

None
    <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(9, 15), match='Python'>

4 贪婪模式和懒惰模式  
1) 贪婪模式:尽可能多的匹配, 找到最后一个y为止  
2) 懒惰模式:尽可能少的匹配，找到第一个y为止

import re 
    pattern1 = "P.*y"   #贪婪模式
    pattern2 = "P.*?y"  #懒惰模式
    string = "abcdcdcdePython_py"
    result1 = re.search(pattern1, string)  
    result2 = re.search(pattern2, string)
    print(result1)
    print(result2)

打印结果：

<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(9, 18), match='Python_py'>
    <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(9, 11), match='Py'>