IntelliJ Idea SpringBoot jpa mysql数据库增删改查实例

不念不忘少年蓝@ 2022-06-03 07:13 211阅读 0赞

> **参考教程**：[http://www.imooc.com/learn/767][http_www.imooc.com_learn_767]\\

# SpringBoot #

![这里写图片描述][20161216123801148]

> SpringBoot 是 SpringMVC 的升级版，相对于编码、配置、部署和监控方面，会更加简单

# 微服务 #

微服务是一个新兴的软件架构，就是把**一个大型的单个应用程序和服务拆分为数十个的支持微服务**。一个微服务的策略可以让工作变得更为简便，它可扩展单个组件而不是整个的应用程序堆栈，从而满足服务等级协议。

> Spring 为 微服务提供了一整套的组件-SpringClound , SpirngBoot 就是该基础。

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

# 第一个SpringBoot程序 #

这里使用的开发软件是`IntelliJ Idea`，和`Eclipse`差不太多，界面更炫酷，功能更强大；`Android Studio`就是基于`IntelliJ` 开发的，我之前使用过`Android Studio`，它俩界面几乎一样。

> IntelliJ Idea官网：[http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/][http_www.jetbrains.com_idea]  
> 配置好 maven, tomcat, jdk 就可以使用了

## maven配置的中央仓库阿里云镜像 ##

> 这个地址下载 jar 包的速度，谁用谁知道！

`setting.xml`

.
    .
     <mirrors>
        <mirror>
          <id>alimaven</id>
          <name>aliyun maven</name>
          <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
          <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>        
        </mirror>
      </mirrors>
      .
      .
     
      
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## 使用`IDEA`创建SpringBoot项目 ##

> 我的`IDEA`版本：`IntelliJ IDEA 2016.3.1`

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 5]

项目结构为：

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 6]

> 项目默认的 maven `pom.xml`文件

`pom.xml`

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.jxust</groupId>
        <artifactId>spirngbootdemo</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>spirngbootdemo</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

运行`SpirngbootdemoApplication`的main方法，就能开始运行。

> 其他启动方式，请看视频教程[http://www.imooc.com/learn/767][http_www.imooc.com_learn_767]\\

控制台输出：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_91\bin\java" ....
    
      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \  \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
     =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
     :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.4.2.RELEASE)
     2016-12-16 14:56:52.083  INFO 15872 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
    2016-12-16 14:56:52.215  INFO 15872 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
    2016-12-16 14:56:52.255  INFO 15872 --- [           main] com.jxust.SpirngbootdemoApplication      : Started SpirngbootdemoApplication in 7.795 seconds (JVM running for 9.177)

> 从这里可以看到 Tomcat 的端口号，因为还没有自定义Controller，所以还没有视图，下面来创建一个输出`Hello SpringBoot!`的视图。

创建一个`HelloController`，位于`controller`包下

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 7]

`HelloController.java`

package com.jxust.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 15:45 */
    @RestController
    public class HelloController { 
    
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public String say(){
            return "Hello SpringBoot!";
        }
    }

> `@RestController` Spring4 之后新加的注解,原来返回`json`需要`@ResponseBody`配合`@Controller`,现在一个顶俩

在浏览器中输入`http://localhost:8080/hello`就能输出`Hello SpringBoot!`这句话。

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 8]

## 自定义属性配置 ##

用到的是`application.properties`这个文件

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 9]

### 配置端口号和访问前缀 ###

`application.properties`

server.port=8081
    server.context-path=/springboot

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 10]

除了使用`.properties`格式的文件，还可以使用`.yml`格式的配置文件(推荐)，更加简便  
`application.yml`  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 11]

> 把原来的`application.properties`文件删除  
> **注意格式，空格不能少**

### 获取配置文件中的属性值 ###

我们也可以在配置文件中，配置数据，在 Controller 中获取,比如：  
`application.yml`

server:
      port: 8081
      context-path: /springboot
    name: 小胖

> HelloController 获取配置文件中的值

`HelloController.java`

....
    @RestController
    public class HelloController { 
    
        @Value("${name}")
        private String name;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String say(){
            return name;
        }
    }

> 返回的为name的值

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 12]

### 配置文件中值配置方式的多样化 ###

配置文件的值可以是多个，也可以是组合，如：

*  `application.yml`

name: 小胖
    age: 22

或者

*  `application.yml`

name: 小胖
    age: 22
    content: "name: ${name},age: ${age}"

或者

*  `application.yml`

server:
      port: 8081
      context-path: /springboot
    person:
      name: 小胖
      age: 22

前两种配置获取值的方式都是一样的,但是对于这种方式，person 有相应的两个属性，需要这样处理

`PersonProperties.java`

package com.jxust;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 16:34 */
    @Component
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
    public class PersonProperties { 
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    }

> `Alt+insert`快捷键提示生成 `Getter and Setter`

`pom.xml`需要加入下面的依赖,处理警告

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>

`HelloController.java`

package com.jxust.controller;
    
    import com.jxust.PersonProperties;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/15 20:55 */
    @RestController
    public class HelloController { 
    
       @Autowired
       private PersonProperties personProperties;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String say(){
            return personProperties.getName()+personProperties.getAge();
        }
    }

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 13]

### 关于配置文件`application.yml`的多套配置 ###

> 类似 il8n 文件国际化的配置方式`i18n_en_US.properties`和`i18n_zh_CN.properties`  
> 这样能解决，需要频繁修改配置的尴尬

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 14]

由`application.yml`配置文件决定使用那套配置文件。

`application.yml`

spring:
      profiles:
        active: a

`application-a.yml`

server:
      port: 8081
      context-path: /springboot
    person:
      name: 小雷
      age: 21

`application-b.yml`

server:
      port: 8081
      context-path: /springboot
    person:
      name: 小胖
      age: 22

# SpringBoot增删改查实例 #

## 完整的项目结构 ##

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 15]

## Controller的使用 ##

@Controller chu处理http请求
    
    @RestController Spring4 之后新加的注解，原来返回json需要@ResponseBody配合@Controller
    
    @RequestMapping 配置url映射

对于 REST 风格的请求  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 16]

对于 Controller 中的方法上的注解

@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.PUT)

SpringBoot 对上面的注解进行了简化

@GetMapping(value = "/girls")
    @PostMapping(value = "/girls")
    @PutMapping(value = "/girls/{id}")
    @DeleteMapping(value = "/girls/{id}")

浏览器需要发送不同方式的请求，可以安装HttpRequester插件，火狐浏览器可以直接搜索该组件安装。

谷歌，

## postman ##

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 17]

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 18]

## spring-data-jpa ##

`JPA`全称`Java Persistence API.JPA`通过`JDK 5.0`注解或`XML`描述对象－关系表的映射关系，并将运行期的实体对象持久化到数据库中。

> `Hibernate3.2+`、`TopLink 10.1.3`以及`OpenJPA`都提供了JPA的实现。

## 利用JPA创建MySQL数据库 ##

`pom.xml`加入`JPA`和`MySQL`的依赖

<dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>

### 配置`JPA`和数据库 ###

`application.yml`

spring:
      profiles:
        active: a
      datasource:
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
          url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_person
          username: root
          password: root
    
      jpa:
        hibernate:
          ddl-auto: update
        show-sql: true

> 格式很重要  
> 需要自己手动去创建 db\_person 数据库

### 创建与数据表对应的实体类Person ###

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 19]

`Person.java`

package com.jxust.entity;
    
    import javax.persistence.Entity;
    import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
    import javax.persistence.Id;
    
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 17:56 */
    @Entity
    public class Person { 
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue
        private  Integer id;
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
    
        //必须要有构造函数
        public Person() {
        }
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Integer getAge() {
            return age;
        }
    
        public void setAge(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
    }

运行项目后，查看数据库，会自动创建表 person

mysql> use db_person;
    Database changed
    mysql> desc person;
    +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
    +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
    | age   | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    | name  | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    3 rows in set (0.09 sec)

接下来就可以进行person表的增删改查了

### 创建控制器`PersonController.java` ###

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 20]

首先创建一个接口`PersonRepository`，位于`dao`包下,`PersonController`调用该接口继承自`JpaRepository`的方法，来实现和数据库交互

> **这个`PersonRepository`接口的功能，与SSM框架中 dao 层接口功能有异曲同工之妙；在SSM框架中，Service层通过该接口，间接执行Mybatis数据库映射文件(.xml)里的相应sql语句，执行数据库增删改查的操作。(Mapper自动实现DAO接口)**

`PersonRepository.java`

package com.jxust.dao;
    
    import com.jxust.entity.Person;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
    
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 18:07 */
    public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> { 
    }

`PersonController.java`

package com.jxust.controller;
    
    import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
    import com.jxust.entity.Person;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 18:04 */
    @RestController
    public class PersonController {
        @Autowired
        PersonRepository personRepository;
        @GetMapping(value = "/person")
        private List<Person> personList() {
            return personRepository.findAll();
        }
    }

在数据库中添加两条数据

mysql> select * from person; +----+------+--------+
    | id | age | name | +----+------+--------+
    |  1 |   23 | 夏洛   |
    | 2 | 21 | 马冬梅 | +----+------+--------+
    2 rows in set (0.04 sec)

启动项目执行请求`http://localhost:8081/springboot/person`

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 21]

控制台输出的sql语句：

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_ from person person0_
     
      
       1

### 其他增删改查的方法 ###

`PersonController.java`

....
        /** * 添加一个人员 * * @param name * @param age * @return */
        @PostMapping(value = "/person")
        public Person personAdd(@RequestParam("name") String name,
                            @RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
            Person person = new Person();
            person.setName(name);
            person.setAge(age);
    
            return personRepository.save(person);
        }
    
        /** * 查询一个人员 * * @param id * @return */
        @GetMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
        public Person personFindOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
            return personRepository.findOne(id);
        }
    
        /** * 删除一个人员 * * @param id */
        @DeleteMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
        public void personDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
            personRepository.delete(id);
        }
    
        /** * 更新一个人员 * * @param id * @param name * @param age * @return */
        @PutMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
        public Person personUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
                               @RequestParam("name") String name,
                               @RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
            Person person = new Person();
            person.setId(id);
            person.setName(name);
            person.setAge(age);
            return personRepository.save(person);
        }

对应的请求方式为：

*  查询一个用户：  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 22]
 *  添加一个用户  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 23]
 *  删除一个用户（无返回值）  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 24]
 *  更新一个用户  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 25]

那么根据年龄查询，可不可以呢。答案是此刻还不行

> 从控制台的语句可以看出，sql 语句都是根据id来查询的

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_0_ from person person0_ where person0_.id=?

### 根据年龄查询 ###

在`PersonRepository`增加一个方法`findByAge(Integer age)`

public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> { 
        /** * 通过年龄来查询 * 方法名固定findByAge * @param age * @return */
        public List<Person> findByAge(Integer age);
    }

在`PersonController`中加入相应的查询方法

....
        /** * 通过年龄来查询 * @param age * @return */
        @GetMapping(value = "/person/age/{age}")
        public List<Person> personListByAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age) {
            return personRepository.findByAge(age);
        }

输入请求`http://localhost:8081/springboot/person/age/23`，查询年龄为23的人员

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 26]

控制台输出SQL语句：

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.age as age2_0_, person0_.name as name3_0_ from person person0_ where person0_.age=?

## 事务管理 ##

两条 sql 语句同时在一个方法中执行，为了防止一个 sql 语句执行成功而另一个 sql 语句执行失败，引入了事务管理，需要在方法上加 `@Transactional`事务注解

> 事务确保了数据库数据的完整性和一致性

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 27]

`PersonService.java`

package com.jxust.service;
    
    import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
    import com.jxust.entity.Person;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import javax.transaction.Transactional;
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 19:30 */
    @Service
    public class PersonService { 
        @Autowired
        private PersonRepository personRepository;
    
        /** * 事务管理测试 * 两条数据同时成功，或者同时不成功 * 保证数据库数据的完整性和一致性 */
        @Transactional
        public void insertTwo(){
            Person personA = new Person();
            personA.setName("秋雅");
            personA.setAge(19);
            personRepository.save(personA);
    
            System.out.print(1/0);
    
            Person personB = new Person();
            personB.setName("梦特娇");
            personB.setAge(25);
            personRepository.save(personB);
        }
    }

在`PersonController`中测试

...
        @Autowired
        private PersonService personService;
        ...
         /**
         * 事务测试
         */
        @PostMapping("/person/two")
        public void personTwo(){
            personService.insertTwo();
        }

重新运行项目，执行请求 post方式`http://localhost:8081/springboot/person/two`  
数据库并没有添加第一条数据，说明存在事务管理

### 完整的`PersonController.java`、`PersonRepository.java`和`pom.xml` ###

`PersonController.java`

package com.jxust.controller;
    
    import com.jxust.dao.PersonRepository;
    import com.jxust.entity.Person;
    import com.jxust.service.PersonService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 18:04 */
    @RestController
    public class PersonController { 
        @Autowired
        PersonRepository personRepository;
        @Autowired
        private PersonService personService;
        /** * 查询所有人员列表 * * @return */
        @GetMapping(value = "/person")
        private List<Person> personList() {
            return personRepository.findAll();
        }
    
        /** * 添加一个人员 * * @param name * @param age * @return */
        @PostMapping(value = "/person")
        public Person personAdd(@RequestParam("name") String name,
                            @RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
            Person person = new Person();
            person.setName(name);
            person.setAge(age);
    
            return personRepository.save(person);
        }
    
        /** * 查询一个人员 * * @param id * @return */
        @GetMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
        public Person personFindOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
            return personRepository.findOne(id);
        }
    
        /** * 删除一个人员 * * @param id */
        @DeleteMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
        public void personDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
            personRepository.delete(id);
        }
    
        /** * 更新一个人员 * * @param id * @param name * @param age * @return */
        @PutMapping(value = "/person/{id}")
        public Person personUpdate(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
                               @RequestParam("name") String name,
                               @RequestParam("age") Integer age) {
            Person person = new Person();
            person.setId(id);
            person.setName(name);
            person.setAge(age);
            return personRepository.save(person);
        }
    
        /** * 通过年龄来查询 * @param age * @return */
        @GetMapping(value = "/person/age/{age}")
        public List<Person> personListByAge(@PathVariable("age") Integer age) {
            return personRepository.findByAge(age);
        }
    
       /** * 事务测试 */
        @PostMapping("/person/two")
        public void personTwo(){
            personService.insertTwo();
        }
    }

`PersonRepository.java`

package com.jxust.dao;
    
    import com.jxust.entity.Person;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /** * Created by Peng * Time: 2016/12/16 18:07 */
    public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person,Integer> {
        /** * 通过年龄来查询 * 方法名固定 * @param age * @return */
        public List<Person> findByAge(Integer age);
    }

`pom.xml`

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.jxust</groupId>
        <artifactId>spirngbootdemo</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>spirngbootdemo</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

#  #

# 源代码下载 #

[http://download.csdn.net/detail/peng\_hong\_fu/9713665][http_download.csdn.net_detail_peng_hong_fu_9713665]

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/Peng\_Hong\_fu/article/details/53691705

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