maven全解

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2022-06-03 01:25 302阅读 0赞

在maven仓库确定坐标的三个条件

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

classpath\*:xxx.xml  
加一个星代表不仅可以从源码路径拿配置文件，还可以从依赖的jar包拿配置文件

依赖就是对jar包的依赖

当依赖jar版本相同时，如果已获得依赖jar包，那么就算依赖jar更新也不会获得最新jar，除非依赖jar改版本

## Maven的仓库 ##

*  本地仓库
 *  远程仓库（私服）
 *  中央仓库

## Maven环境变量配置 ##

*  电脑要配置jdk
 *  最终要运行的就是maven软件中bin目录的mvn命令，所以要配置maven的环境变量，为的就是在任何命令行处都能运行
 *  环境变量的名称：MAVEN\_HOME 变量值：就是maven软件解压的目录F:\\maven  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]
 *  把MAVEN\_HOME添加到path里  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]
 *  验证maven是否配置成功，打开dos窗口输入：mvn -v  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]  
    注意：maven配置可能会失败，可以把系统变量设为绝对路径，不再用MAVEN\_HOME

## Maven常用命令 ##

*  mvn clean清理编译文件
 *  mvn compile 编译主目录文件
 *  mvn test 编译并运行test目录的代码
 *  mvn package 打包
 *  mvn install 就是把项目发到本地仓库
 *  mvn tomcat：run一键启动 默认tomcat6，如果是tomcat7，命令为mvn tomcat7：run

## 创建项目 ##

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

## 处理编译版本 ##

<plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.5.1</version>  
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.7</source>
                        <target>1.7</target>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>

## 启动项目 ##

右击项目–run as–maven build  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 5]

## 重建索引 添加依赖 ##

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 6]  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 7]  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 8]  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 9]

添加servlet-api.jar和jsp-api.jar 注意选择scope为provided，因为tomcat中有内置的jar包

## 依赖范围 ##

*  compile （编译）时需要，测试时需要，运行时需要，打包时需要
 *  provided (jsp-api.jar,servlet–api.jar)编译（compile）时需要，测试（test）时需要，运行时不需要，打包时不需要
 *  runntime（数据库驱动包）编译时不需要，测试时需要，运行时需要，打包时需要
 *  test（junit.jar）编译时不需要，测试时需要，运行时不需要，打包也不需要

## 依赖传递 ##

只添加一个struts-core依赖，项目中会出现很多jar，这就是传递依赖  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 10]

## 依赖版本冲突 ##

1.  第一声明优先原则（如下 sping4.2.4会被依赖）

<dependencies>
      
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    
    
    
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.24</version>
        </dependency>

1.  路径优先原则，自己直接添加的依赖，会比依赖中的依赖优先。

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

*  排除原则

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.24</version>
            <exclusions>
              <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
              </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

*  版本锁定原则，依赖的版本必须为锁定的版本

<properties>
            <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
            <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
            <struts.version>2.3.24</struts.version>
        </properties>
    
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

## 分模块开发 ##

依赖范围对传递造成的影响  
模块B依赖模块A就是直接依赖，A依赖的jar包对于B来说就是传递依赖  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 11]

## 分模块开发之创建父工程 ##

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 12]

*  创建的父工程如下  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 13]
 *  在pom添加以下信息

<properties>
            <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
            <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
            <struts.version>2.3.24</struts.version>
        </properties>
    
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
                    <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
                    <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
                    <version>${struts.version}</version>
                </dependency>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
                    <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${struts.version}</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.6</version>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
                <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
                <version>0.9.1.2</version>
            </dependency>
    
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
                <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
                <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.5</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.0</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.2</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.9</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>1.7</source>
                        <target>1.7</target>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
    
                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                    <artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.1</version>
                    <configuration>
                        
                        <path>/ssh</path>
                        
                        <port>8080</port>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
    
            </plugins>
        </build>

*  发布到本地仓库
    
    ## 模块开发之创建dao子模块 ##
 *  在ssh-parent项目上右击 ，创建时选择 Maven Module  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 14]
 *  填写子模块名称ssh-dao  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 15]
 *  把属于dao的代码拷贝到 该模块中

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 16]

*  完成后发布到本地仓库中

## 模块开发之创建service子模块 ##

*  创建方式如上

## 模块开发之创建action子模块 ##

*  选择war的打包方式  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 17]
 *  拷贝属于action的代码和配置文件
 *  修改web.xml 添加spring监听

<listener>
     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener> 
    
    <context-param>
     <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
     <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

*  添加页面

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 18]

## 私服 nexus ##

*  下载安装包，安装私服  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 19]
 *  启动服务  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 20]  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 21]
 *  启动失败的解决办法  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 22]  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 23]
 *  登录 nexus 默认用户名admin 密码admin123

## 仓库类型 ##

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 24]

*  virtual 虚拟仓库
 *  proxy 代理仓库
 *  hosted 宿主仓库 本地仓库
 *  group 组

## 上传dao到私服 ##

*  需要在客户端即部署dao工程的电脑上配置mavenmaven环境，并修改 settings.xml 文件，配置连接私服的用户和密码 。此用户名和密码用于私服校验，因为私服需要知道上传都 的账号和密码 是否和私服中的账号和密码 一致

<server>
          <id>releases</id>
          <username>admin</username>
          <password>admin123</password>
        </server>
        <server>
          <id>snapshots</id>
          <username>admin</username>
          <password>admin123</password>
        </server>

*  配置项目pom.xml
 *  配置私服仓库的地址，本公司的自己的jar包会上传到私服的宿主仓库，根据工程的版本号决定上传到哪个宿主仓库，如果版本为release则上传到私服的release仓库，如果版本为snapshot则上传到私服的snapshot仓库

<distributionManagement>
        <repository>
            <id>releases</id>
        <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url>
        </repository> 
        <snapshotRepository>
            <id>snapshots</id>
        <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
        </snapshotRepository> 
      </distributionManagement>

注意：pom.xml这里 和 settings.xml 配置 对应！

*  执行deploy命令发布到私服

## 下载dao ##

*  修改setting.xml

<profile>   
        
        <id>dev</id>   
        <repositories>   
          <repository>  
            
            <id>nexus</id>   
            
            <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>   
            
            <releases>   
              <enabled>true</enabled>   
            </releases>   
            
            <snapshots>   
              <enabled>true</enabled>   
            </snapshots>   
          </repository>   
        </repositories>  
         <pluginRepositories>  
            
            <pluginRepository>  
                
                <id>public</id>  
                <name>Public Repositories</name>  
                <url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>  
            </pluginRepository>  
        </pluginRepositories>  
      </profile>  
      <activeProfiles>
        <activeProfile>dev</activeProfile>
      </activeProfiles>

*  删除本地仓库dao
 *  uodate service工程，出现以下信息说明成功  
    ![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 25]

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