python中shutil模块学习笔记

朴灿烈づ我的快乐病毒、 2022-06-02 10:36 538阅读 0赞

import shutil  
   
**一、shutil.copyfile( src, dst)  \#src复制到dst中去。当然前提是目标地址是具备可写权限。抛出的异常信息为  
IOException. 如果当前的dst已存在的话就会被覆盖掉 。自己测试验证了下，是src和dst必须是文件，不可以是目录**  
  
  
尝试结果如下：  
  
  
![Image 1][] ![SouthEast][]  
  
  
  
**情况1：src为文件，dst为目录，报错如下：**  
  
  
>>> shutil.copyfile("d:/预习预习/1f","d:/预习预习/aa")  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
  File "D:\\Python27\\lib\\shutil.py", line 97, in copyfile  
    with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:  
IOError: \[Errno 13\] Permission denied: 'd:/\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0/aa'  
  
  
**情况2：src和dst均为文件，则正确执行，且可以执行两次，说明如果dst存在则覆盖**  
  
  
>>> shutil.copyfile("d:/预习预习/1f","d:/预习预习/aa/1f")  
  
  
**情况3：报错：**  
>>> shutil.copyfile("d:/预习预习/1f","d:/预习预习/aa/.")  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
  File "D:\\Python27\\lib\\shutil.py", line 97, in copyfile  
    with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:  
IOError: \[Errno 13\] Permission denied: 'd:/\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0/aa/.  
'  
  
  
**情况4：如果srv和dst均为目录的情况 ，报错：**  
  
  
>>> shutil.copyfile("d:/预习预习/aa","d:/预习预习/bb")  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
  File "D:\\Python27\\lib\\shutil.py", line 96, in copyfile  
    with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:  
IOError: \[Errno 13\] Permission denied: 'd:/\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0/aa'  
>>>  
  
  
**二、shutil.move( src, dst) \#移动文件、目录。或者文件、目录重命名。如果dst存在，则不可覆盖**  
  
  
  
**情况1：把文件1f移动到aa目录下，但aa目录下已经存在文件1f，则报错。**  
  
  
>>> shutil.move("d:/预习预习/1f","d:/预习预习/aa")  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
  File "D:\\Python27\\lib\\shutil.py", line 306, in move  
    raise Error, "Destination path '%s' already exists" % real\_dst  
shutil.Error: Destination path 'd:/预习预习/aa\\1f' already exists  
  
  
**情况2：删除aa目录下的1f文件后，移动成功**  
>>> os.remove("d:/预习预习/aa/1f")  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习/aa")  
\['ss.txt'\]  
>>> shutil.move("d:/预习预习/1f","d:/预习预习/aa")  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习/aa")  
\['1f', 'ss.txt'\]  
  
  
**情况3：把目录名aa改名为bb，成功**  
  
  
>>> shutil.move("d:/预习预习/aa","d:/预习预习/bb")  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习")  
\['1d', '20180104', 'bb', '\\xce\\xd2\\xb5\\xc4os\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0'\]  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习/bb")  
\['1f', 'ss.txt'\]  
  
  
  
  
**情况4：把文件1f改名为2f**  
  
  
>>> shutil.move("d:/预习预习/bb/1f","d:/预习预习/bb/2f")  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习/bb")  
\['2f', 'ss.txt'\]  
>>>  
  
  
  
  
**三、shutil.copy( src, dst) 复制一个文件到一个文件或一个目录 ，注意：src必须为文件，dst为文件或目录**  
  
  
![SouthEast 1][] ![SouthEast 2][]  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
**情况1：src为文件，dst为目录**  
>>> shutil.copy("d:/预习预习/bb/2f","d:/预习预习")  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习/bb")  
\['2f', 'ss.txt'\]  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习")  
\['1d', '20180104', '2f', 'bb', '\\xce\\xd2\\xb5\\xc4os\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0'\]  
>>>  
  
  
**情况2：src为文件，dst为文件**  
  
  
>>> shutil.copy("d:/预习预习/bb/2f","d:/预习预习/3f")  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习")  
\['1d', '20180104', '2f', '3f', 'bb', '\\xce\\xd2\\xb5\\xc4os\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb  
>>>  
  
  
  
  
**情况3：src为目录，dst为目录。报错**  
  
  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习")  
\['1d', '20180104', '2f', '3f', 'bb', '\\xce\\xd2\\xb5\\xc4os\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb  
>>> shutil.copy("d:/预习预习/bb","d:/预习预习/cc")  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
  File "D:\\Python27\\lib\\shutil.py", line 133, in copy  
    copyfile(src, dst)  
  File "D:\\Python27\\lib\\shutil.py", line 96, in copyfile  
    with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:  
IOError: \[Errno 13\] Permission denied: 'd:/\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf  
>>>  
  
  
**四、shutil.copy2( src, dst) \#在copy上的基础上再复制文件最后访问时间与修改时间也复制过来了，类似于cp –p的东西。但是创建时间是不会和原文件一样的**  
  
  
>>> os.stat("d:/预习预习/3f")  
nt.stat\_result(st\_mode=33206, st\_ino=0L, st\_dev=0L, st\_nlink=0, st\_uid=0, st\_gid  
=0, st\_size=12L, st\_atime=1515591354L, st\_mtime=1515591354L,st\_ctime=1515591354  
L)  
  
  
>>> shutil.copy("d:/预习预习/3f","d:/预习预习/4f")  
>>> os.stat("d:/预习预习/4f")  
nt.stat\_result(st\_mode=33206, st\_ino=0L, st\_dev=0L, st\_nlink=0, st\_uid=0, st\_gid  
=0, st\_size=12L, st\_atime=1515591668L, st\_mtime=1515591668L,st\_ctime=1515591668  
L)  
>>> shutil.copy2("d:/预习预习/3f","d:/预习预习/4f")  
>>> os.stat("d:/预习预习/4f")  
nt.stat\_result(st\_mode=33206, st\_ino=0L, st\_dev=0L, st\_nlink=0, st\_uid=0, st\_gid  
=0, st\_size=12L, st\_atime=1515591354L, st\_mtime=1515591354L,st\_ctime=1515591668  
L)  
>>>

**五、shutil.copytree( olddir, newdir, True/Flase) \#把olddir拷贝一份newdir，如果第3个参数是True，则复制目录时将保持文件夹下的符号连接，如果第3个参数是False，则将在复制的目录下生成物理副本来替代符号连接**

**注意以下结果：（1）拷贝后的文件夹的最后访问时间、修改时间都是与原文件夹一样的，只有创建时间是不一样的。另外个人没有看出最后一位True和False有什么区别  （2）newdir存在的话，是不可覆盖的**

>>> shutil.copytree("d:/预习预习","d:/ycyc")  
>>> os.listdir("d:/预习预习")  
\['1d', '20180104', '2f', '3f', '4f', 'bb', '\\xce\\xd2\\xb5\\xc4os\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0'\]  
  
  
  
  
>>> os.listdir("d:/ycyc")  
\['1d', '20180104', '2f', '3f', '4f', 'bb', '\\xce\\xd2\\xb5\\xc4os\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0'\]  
  
  
>>> os.stat("d:/预习预习")  
nt.stat\_result(st\_mode=16749, st\_ino=0L, st\_dev=0L, st\_nlink=0, st\_uid=0, st\_gid  
=0, st\_size=4096L, st\_atime=1515591668L, st\_mtime=1515591668L, st\_ctime=15148997  
47L)  
>>> os.stat("d:/ycyc")  
nt.stat\_result(st\_mode=16749, st\_ino=0L, st\_dev=0L, st\_nlink=0, st\_uid=0, st\_gid  
=0, st\_size=4096L, st\_atime=1515591668L, st\_mtime=1515591668L, st\_ctime=15155922  
05L)  
>>>  
  
  
>>> shutil.copytree("d:/预习预习","d:/ycyc1", "True")  
>>> os.stat("d:/ycyc1")  
nt.stat\_result(st\_mode=16749, st\_ino=0L, st\_dev=0L, st\_nlink=0, st\_uid=0, st\_gid  
=0, st\_size=4096L, st\_atime=1515591668L, st\_mtime=1515591668L, st\_ctime=15155924  
56L)  
>>> shutil.copytree("d:/预习预习","d:/ycyc2", "False")  
>>> os.stat("d:/ycyc2")  
nt.stat\_result(st\_mode=16749, st\_ino=0L, st\_dev=0L, st\_nlink=0, st\_uid=0, st\_gid  
=0, st\_size=4096L, st\_atime=1515591668L, st\_mtime=1515591668L, st\_ctime=15155924  
86L)  
>>> os.listdir("d:/ycyc1")  
\['1d', '20180104', '2f', '3f', '4f', 'bb', '\\xce\\xd2\\xb5\\xc4os\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0'\]  
  
  
>>> os.listdir("d:/ycyc2")  
\['1d', '20180104', '2f', '3f', '4f', 'bb', '\\xce\\xd2\\xb5\\xc4os\\xd4\\xa4\\xcf\\xb0'\]  
  
  
>>>  
  
  
注意如果newdir存在的话，是不可覆盖的：  
  
  
>>> shutil.copytree("d:/预习预习","d:/ycyc",True)  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  
  File "D:\\Python27\\lib\\shutil.py", line 191, in copytree  
    os.makedirs(dst)  
  File "D:\\Python27\\lib\\os.py", line 157, in makedirs  
    mkdir(name, mode)  
WindowsError: \[Error 183\] : 'd:/ycyc'  
>>>

[Image 1]: 
[SouthEast]: /images/20220602/a171342438bf489e8e8557dbc7b510ce.png
[SouthEast 1]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180110220401010?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvc3VuamluanVhbg==/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220602/198bc5833538476396a6d13bf89e4ecb.png