使用源码编译安装Nginx服务器

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-06-01 08:50 228阅读 0赞

源码编译安装Nginx服务器

Compiling and Installing From the Sources

## 1 安装前准备： ##

1-1 检测本地环境:

$ sw_vers
    ProductName:    Mac OS X
    ProductVersion: 10.11.3
    BuildVersion:   15D21
    
    $ uname -mnprs
    Darwin MacWangYongTao.local 15.3.0 x86_64 i386

1-2 检测GCC版本：

$ gcc -v
    Configured with: 
    --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr 
    --with-gxx-include-dir=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
    Apple LLVM version 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)
    Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.3.0
    Thread model: posix

1-3 创建安装目录/webserver：

为了方便管理，在/usr/local/下新建一个目录webserver，以后软件安装都可以加”—prefix=/usr/loca/webserver”来安装到这个目录下：

$sudo mkdir webserver
    $pwd
    /usr/local/webserver

# 2 安装nginx的依赖库 #

### 安装pcre: ###

PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions)是一个Perl库，包括 Perl兼容的 正则表达式库，由菲利普.海泽(Philip Hazel)编写。

the PCRE library – required by NGINX Core and Rewrite modules and provides support for regular expressions:

wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.38.tar.bz2
    tar jxvf pcre-8.38.tar.bz2
    cd pcre-8.38
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/pcre-8.38
    make
    make test
    sudo make install

### 安装zlib: ###

zlib是提供数据压缩用的函式库，目前zlib是一种事实上的业界标准，最新版本是:zlib 1.2.8（April 28, 2013）。

zlib was written by Jean-loup Gailly (compression) and Mark Adler (decompression).

the zlib library – required by NGINX Gzip module for headers compression:

wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
    tar zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
    cd zlib-1.2.8
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/zlib
    make
    make test
    sudo make install

### 安装openssl: ###

OpenSSL 是一个强大的安全套接字层密码库，包括主要的密码算法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能及SSL协议，并提供丰富的应用程序供测试或其它目的使用。

the OpenSSL library – required by NGINX SSL modules to support the HTTPS protocol:

$ wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2e.tar.gz
    $ tar -zxf openssl-1.0.2e.tar.gz
    $ cd openssl-1.0.2e
    $ ./Configure darwin64-x86_64-cc --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/webserver/openssl
    $ make
    $ sudo make install
    
    查看版本(检测是否安装成功):  
    $ /usr/local/webserver/openssl/bin/openssl version  
    OpenSSL 1.0.2h  3 May 2016  
    
    
    查看OpenSSL支持的平台列表：
    $./Configure LIST

注意事项:

> If configuring for 64-bit OS X, then use a command similar to:  
> ./Configuredarwin64−x8664−ccsharedenable−ecnistp64gcc128no−ssl2no−ssl3no−comp–openssldir=/usr/local/ssl/macos−x8664  . / C o n f i g u r e d a r w i n 64 − x 86 6 4 − c c s h a r e d e n a b l e − e c n i s t p 6 4 g c c 1 28 n o − s s l 2 n o − s s l 3 n o − c o m p – o p e n s s l d i r = / u s r / l o c a l / s s l / m a c o s − x 86 6 4 make depend  
> $sudo make install
> 
> If configuring for 32-bit OS X, then use a command similar to:  
> ./Configure darwin-i386-cc shared no-ssl2 no-ssl3 no-comp –openssldir=/usr/local/ssl/macosx-i386  
> makedepend  m a k e d e p e n d sudo make install

## 3 安装Nginx ##

下载并安装Nginx:

// 指定安装在/usr/local/webserver/目录下：
    $ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
    $ tar zxf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz
    $ export KERNEL_BITS=64
    $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx \
        --sbin-path=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx \
        --conf-path=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf \
        --pid-path=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid \
        --with-http_ssl_module \
        --with-openssl=../openssl-1.0.2h \
        --with-pcre=../pcre-8.38 \
        --with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.8

参数说明：

–sbin-path=path — 设置可执行文件名. 默认是:prefix/sbin/nginx.  
–conf-path=path — 设置配置文件名(nginx.conf). 默认是:prefix/conf/nginx.conf.  
–pid-path=path — 设置存放进程ID的nginx.pid文件名.默认是:prefix/logs/nginx.pid.  
–with-http\_ssl\_module - 启用支持https协议，依赖OpenSSL库.  
–with-pcre=path - sets the path to the sources of the PCRE library.(注意是源码的路径)  
–with-zlib=path — sets the path to the sources of the zlib library.(注意是源码的路径)

## 4 配置Nginx: ##

配置文件路径： /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf

$ sudo /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx -t  
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok  
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

## 5 启动Nginx: ##

查看版本：

$ /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx -v
    nginx version: nginx/1.8.1

执行启动命令：

// 启动Nginx,没有报错可以认为启动成功  
    $ sudo /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx

命令查看:

$ curl -I 127.0.0.1
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Server: nginx/1.8.1
    Date: Mon, 01 Feb 2016 12:29:30 GMT
    Content-Type: text/html
    Content-Length: 612
    Last-Modified: Mon, 01 Feb 2016 10:25:21 GMT
    Connection: keep-alive
    ETag: "56af3291-264"
    Accept-Ranges: bytes

浏览器查看：

打开浏览器输入：[http://127.0.0.1/][http_127.0.0.1] 或者 [http://localhost/][http_localhost]  
可以看到：”Welcome to nginx! ” 页面

其实，这个页面是在 /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html/ 目录下，  
我们尝试新建一个html静态页面：

$ pwd
    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html
    $ sudo vi hello.html
    ...(随便写入一下内容，比如"Hello,Nginx!"，然后保存)..

打开浏览器输入：  
[http://127.0.0.1/hello.html][http_127.0.0.1_hello.html] 或者 [http://localhost/hello.html][http_localhost_hello.html]  
可以看到我们刚刚写的静态页面hello.html的内容。

现在Nginx只支持一些静态的内容，如果需要动态内容，还需要安装PHP等。

重新加载：  
$ sudo /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx -s reload

## 遇到的问题与解决办法 ##

### 报错1： 没有指定 OpenSSL 库. ###

内容:

./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.
    You can either do not enable the modules, or install the OpenSSL library
    into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source
    with nginx by using --with-openssl=<path> option.

分析: 启用with-http\_ssl\_module模块，但没有启用openssl, 启用的SSL模块需要依赖openssl库  
解决: configure时增加参数 \[with-openssl=../openssl-1.0.2e\].

### 报错2: 参数配置路径出错 ###

参数with-pcre,如果指定的是with-pcre=/usr/local/webserver/pcre-8.38,则执行 make 时会报错：

/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -f objs/Makefile
    cd /usr/local/pcre-8.38 \
        && if [ -f Makefile ]; then /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make distclean; fi \
        && CC="cc" CFLAGS="-O2 -pipe " \
        ./configure --disable-shared
    /bin/sh: ./configure: No such file or directory  
    make[1]: *** [/usr/local/webserver/pcre-8.38/Makefile] Error 127  
    make: *** [build] Error 2

分析： set path to PCRE library sources, 注意是PCRE的源代码的路径，不是编译安装后的路径

查看配置帮助：
    $  ./configure --help | grep 'pcre'
      --without-pcre                     disable PCRE library usage
      --with-pcre                        force PCRE library usage
      --with-pcre=DIR                    set path to PCRE library sources
      --with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS            set additional build options for PCRE
      --with-pcre-jit                    build PCRE with JIT compilation support

注意这里的路径是 PCRE library sources, 是PCRE的源代码。  
直接去官网下载PCRE, 解压至与 nginx-1.8.1 平级的目录中(或者其他的路径)。

解决： 将PCRE路径指定为源代码的路径，比如：with-pcre=/softwares/pcre-8.38

### 报错3 ： ###

$ sudo ./config –prefix=/usr/local/openssl  
Operating system: i686-apple-darwinDarwin Kernel Version 15.3.0: Thu Dec 10 18:40:58 PST 2015;  
root:xnu-3248.30.4~1/RELEASE\_X86\_64  
WARNING! If you wish to build 64-bit library, then you have to  
invoke ‘./Configure darwin64-x86\_64-cc’ *manually*.  
You have about 5 seconds to press Ctrl-C to abort.

解决： 配置命令使用 Configure, 而不是config, 加参数平台参数：darwin64-x86\_64-cc  
sudo./Configuredarwin64−x8664−cc–prefix=/usr/local/openssl备注：查看支持的平台列表:  s u d o . / C o n f i g u r e d a r w i n 64 − x 86 6 4 − c c – p r e f i x = / u s r / l o c a l / o p e n s s l 备 注 ： 查 看 支 持 的 平 台 列 表 : ./Configure LIST

### 报错4：Undefined symbols for architecture x86\_64 ###

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
      "_SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb", referenced from:
          _ngx_http_ssl_merge_srv_conf in ngx_http_ssl_module.o
      "_SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb", referenced from:
          _ngx_http_ssl_merge_srv_conf in ngx_http_ssl_module.o
      "_SSL_select_next_proto", referenced from:
          _ngx_http_ssl_alpn_select in ngx_http_ssl_module.o
      "_X509_check_host", referenced from:
          _ngx_ssl_check_host in ngx_event_openssl.o
    ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
    clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
    make[1]: *** [objs/nginx] Error 1
    make: *** [build] Error 2

分析： 这个报错在网上有好多种原因造成的，因此也有许多的解决办的。  
只要系统是64位系统，然后configure前在指明一下是64位系统，就没问题了。  
解决：  
(1)将openssl-1.0.2e目录中， 文件Makefile中的\[darwin-i386-cc\]全部替换成\[darwin64-x86\_64-cc\]  
(2)检测自己的系统是以32位模式运行，还是以64位模式运行，确保是以64位模式运行。  
(3)要为当前启动磁盘选择 64 位内核，请在“终端”中使用下列命令：sudo systemsetup -setkernelbootarchitecture x86\_64

// 但是设置没有生效：
    $ sudo systemsetup -setkernelbootarchitecture x86_64
    Password:
    setting kernel architecture to: x86_64
    changes to kernel architecture failed to save!

(4) 执行配置NGINX命令前，增加 export KERNEL\_BITS=64 命令，指定系统的运行模式为64位的。

### 报错5: 重启NGIXN报错： ###

内容:  
nginx: \[error\] open() “/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid” failed (2: No such file or directory)

分析:  
解决：使用nginx -c的参数指定nginx.conf文件的位置:  
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf

注意这里的nginx路径，在编译时有指定，可能像网上的有些不同，默认应该是：  
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

检测配置文件是否正确:  (出错了，没有找到nginx.conf文件)
    $ sudo /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx -t  
    nginx: [emerg] open() "/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (2: No such file or directory)  
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf test failed  
    
    复制配置文件：(复制一份)
    $sudo cp nginx.conf.default nginx.conf
    
    再次检测： (OK)
    $ sudo /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx -t  
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok  
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

## 用到的一些命令 ##

$ ps -ef |grep nginx
    $ kill -9 [pid]
    $ arch
    $ uname -a
    $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep "firmware-abi" | sed -e 's/[^0-9A-Z]//g'

## 参考资料 ##

[http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html][http_nginx.org_en_docs_configure.html]

[https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/installing-nginx-open-source/][https_www.nginx.com_resources_admin-guide_installing-nginx-open-source]

[http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000003822041?\_ea=392297][http_segmentfault.com_a_1190000003822041_ea_392297]

[http://lists.apple.com/archives/macnetworkprog/2015/Jun/msg00025.html][http_lists.apple.com_archives_macnetworkprog_2015_Jun_msg00025.html]

[http://www.iyunv.com/thread-18789-1-1.html][http_www.iyunv.com_thread-18789-1-1.html]

[https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Compilation\_and\_Installation\#Mac][https_wiki.openssl.org_index.php_Compilation_and_Installation_Mac]

[http://www.nooidea.com/2011/02/switch-mac-into-64-bit.html][http_www.nooidea.com_2011_02_switch-mac-into-64-bit.html]

## 更新记录 ##

Update 2016/01/28: Updated for nginx-1.8.1.  
Update 2016/05/17: 更新到openssl-1.0.2h,修改一些内容.

\[END\]

[http_127.0.0.1]: http://127.0.0.1/
[http_localhost]: http://localhost/
[http_127.0.0.1_hello.html]: http://127.0.0.1/hello.html
[http_localhost_hello.html]: http://localhost/hello.html
[http_nginx.org_en_docs_configure.html]: http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
[https_www.nginx.com_resources_admin-guide_installing-nginx-open-source]: https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/installing-nginx-open-source/
[http_segmentfault.com_a_1190000003822041_ea_392297]: http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000003822041?_ea=392297
[http_lists.apple.com_archives_macnetworkprog_2015_Jun_msg00025.html]: http://lists.apple.com/archives/macnetworkprog/2015/Jun/msg00025.html
[http_www.iyunv.com_thread-18789-1-1.html]: http://www.iyunv.com/thread-18789-1-1.html
[https_wiki.openssl.org_index.php_Compilation_and_Installation_Mac]: https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Compilation_and_Installation#Mac
[http_www.nooidea.com_2011_02_switch-mac-into-64-bit.html]: http://www.nooidea.com/2011/02/switch-mac-into-64-bit.html