autotools自动编译系列之三---autogen.sh实例

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-06-01 03:53 305阅读 0赞

之前介绍的automake貌似工序过于复杂，在这里其实是没有必要做这么复杂的工作的，完全可以将其抽象成一个模板性质的脚本将各个工序都集中到脚本里面，使用者只需要稍微修改自己的配置文件即可，直白点就是使用autogen.sh，相信这个脚本在很多的开源代码甚至网上的帖子讨论中都已经泛滥了。在此也使用这个脚本，然后再代码中只需要补充上configure.ac和Makefile.am文件即可。具体流程如下所示：

## 1.准备文件 ##

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir autogen_test
    [root@localhost ~]# cd autogen_test/
    [root@localhost autogen_test]# mkdir src 
    [root@localhost autogen_test]# cd src/

测试代码：

[root@localhost src]# vim auto_test.c
    [root@localhost src]# cat auto_test.c
    #include <stdio.h>
    
    int main()
    {
        printf("auto make test\n");
        return 0;
    }

编写源码的Makefile.am

[root@localhost src]# vim Makefile.am
    [root@localhost src]# cat Makefile.am 
    bin_PROGRAMS=auto_test
    auto_test_SOURCES=auto_test.c
    auto_test_LDADD=
    LIBS=-lm
    INCLUDES=-I/usr/include

编写外层目录Makefile.am

[root@localhost src]# cd ..
    [root@localhost autogen_test]# vim Makefile.am 
    [root@localhost autogen_test]# cat Makefile.am 
    SUBDIRS = src
    
    .PHONY: auto_clean
    
    auto_clean: distclean
    	find . -name Makefile.in -exec rm -f {} \;
    	rm -rf autom4te.cache
    	rm -f missing aclocal.m4 config.h.in config.guess config.sub ltmain.sh install-sh configure depcomp compile

编写autogen.sh文件：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# vim autogen.sh 
    [root@localhost autogen_test]# cat autogen.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    
    echo
    echo ... auto_test autogen ...
    echo
    
    ## Check all dependencies are present
    MISSING=""
    
    # Check for aclocal
    env aclocal --version > /dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
      ACLOCAL=aclocal
    else
      MISSING="$MISSING aclocal"
    fi
    
    # Check for autoconf
    env autoconf --version > /dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
      AUTOCONF=autoconf
    else
      MISSING="$MISSING autoconf"
    fi
    
    # Check for autoheader
    env autoheader --version > /dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
      AUTOHEADER=autoheader
    else
      MISSING="$MISSING autoheader"
    fi
    
    # Check for automake
    env automake --version > /dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
      AUTOMAKE=automake
    else
      MISSING="$MISSING automake"
    fi
    
    # Check for libtoolize or glibtoolize
    env libtoolize --version > /dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
      # libtoolize was found, so use it
      TOOL=libtoolize
    else
      # libtoolize wasn't found, so check for glibtoolize
      env glibtoolize --version > /dev/null 2>&1
      if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        TOOL=glibtoolize
      else
        MISSING="$MISSING libtoolize/glibtoolize"
      fi
    fi
    
    # Check for tar
    env tar -cf /dev/null /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
      MISSING="$MISSING tar"
    fi
    
    ## If dependencies are missing, warn the user and abort
    if [ "x$MISSING" != "x" ]; then
      echo "Aborting."
      echo
      echo "The following build tools are missing:"
      echo
      for pkg in $MISSING; do
        echo "  * $pkg"
      done
      echo
      echo "Please install them and try again."
      echo
      exit 1
    fi
    
    ## Do the autogeneration
    echo Running ${ACLOCAL}...
    $ACLOCAL 
    echo Running ${AUTOHEADER}...
    $AUTOHEADER
    echo Running ${TOOL}...
    $TOOL --automake --copy --force
    echo Running ${AUTOCONF}...
    $AUTOCONF
    echo Running ${AUTOMAKE}...
    $AUTOMAKE --add-missing --force-missing --copy --foreign
    
    # Run autogen in the argp-standalone sub-directory
    #echo "Running autogen.sh in argp-standalone ..."
    #( cd contrib/argp-standalone;./autogen.sh )
    
    # Instruct user on next steps
    echo
    echo "Please proceed with configuring, compiling, and installing."

编写configure.ac文件

[root@localhost autogen_test]# vim configure.ac 
    [root@localhost autogen_test]# cat configure.ac 
    #                     -*- Autoconf -*-
    # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
    
    AC_PREREQ([2.69])
    AC_INIT([auto_test],[1.0],[751772517@qq.com])
    
    AC_SUBST([PACKAGE_RELEASE],[1.0],[751772517@qq.com])
    
    AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(auto_test,1.0)
    AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/auto_test.c])
    AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
    AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
               	src/Makefile])
    
    # Checks for programs.
    AC_PROG_CC
    AC_PROG_LIBTOOL
    
    # Checks for libraries.
    
    # Checks for header files.
    AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stddef.h string.h])
    
    # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
    AC_HEADER_STDBOOL
    AC_TYPE_SIZE_T
    
    # Checks for library functions.
    AC_FUNC_REALLOC
    AC_CHECK_FUNCS([memset socket])
    
    AC_OUTPUT

文件结构：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# tree
    .
    |-- autogen.sh
    |-- configure.ac
    |-- Makefile.am
    `-- src
        |-- auto_test.c
        `-- Makefile.am
    
    1 directory, 5 files
    [root@localhost autogen_test]#

截止到这里所有的文件都已经创建好了，也就是说前期的准备就可以了，后续只需要运行脚本就可以生成Makefile文件了

## 2.生成Makefile ##

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ./autogen.sh 
    
    ... auto_test autogen ...
    
    Running aclocal...
    Running autoheader...
    Running libtoolize...
    Running autoconf...
    Running automake...
    configure.ac:9: warning: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: two- and three-arguments forms are deprecated.  For more info, see:
    configure.ac:9: http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Modernize-AM_005fINIT_005fAUTOMAKE-invocation
    configure.ac:17: installing './config.guess'
    configure.ac:17: installing './config.sub'
    configure.ac:9: installing './install-sh'
    configure.ac:9: installing './missing'
    src/Makefile.am:5: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')
    src/Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'
    
    Please proceed with configuring, compiling, and installing.

查看文件：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ll
    total 1224
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 346593 Jan 19 10:47 aclocal.m4
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1986 Jan 18 15:22 autogen.sh
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan 19 10:47 autom4te.cache
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  45297 Jan 19 10:47 config.guess
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2278 Jan 19 10:47 config.h.in
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  35533 Jan 19 10:47 config.sub
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 415594 Jan 19 10:47 configure
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    708 Jan 18 16:03 configure.ac
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  23566 Jan 19 10:47 depcomp
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  13997 Jan 19 10:47 install-sh
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 283474 Jan 19 10:47 ltmain.sh
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    229 Jan 19 10:45 Makefile.am
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  24704 Jan 19 10:47 Makefile.in
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   6873 Jan 19 10:47 missing
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan 19 10:47 src

执行configure

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ./configure
    checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
    checking whether build environment is sane... yes
    checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
    checking for gawk... gawk
    checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
    checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
    checking for gcc... gcc
    checking whether the C compiler works... yes
    checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
    checking for suffix of executables... 
    checking whether we are cross compiling... no
    checking for suffix of object files... o
    checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
    checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
    checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
    checking for style of include used by make... GNU
    checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
    checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking how to print strings... printf
    checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sed
    checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
    checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
    checking for fgrep... /usr/bin/grep -F
    checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld
    checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
    checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B
    checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm
    checking whether ln -s works... yes
    checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1572864
    checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes
    checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes
    checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu format... func_convert_file_noop
    checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop
    checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r
    checking for objdump... objdump
    checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
    checking for dlltool... no
    checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n
    checking for ar... ar
    checking for archiver @FILE support... @
    checking for strip... strip
    checking for ranlib... ranlib
    checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from gcc object... ok
    checking for sysroot... no
    checking for mt... no
    checking if : is a manifest tool... no
    checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
    checking for ANSI C header files... yes
    checking for sys/types.h... yes
    checking for sys/stat.h... yes
    checking for stdlib.h... yes
    checking for string.h... yes
    checking for memory.h... yes
    checking for strings.h... yes
    checking for inttypes.h... yes
    checking for stdint.h... yes
    checking for unistd.h... yes
    checking for dlfcn.h... yes
    checking for objdir... .libs
    checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no
    checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC
    checking if gcc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes
    checking if gcc static flag -static works... no
    checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes
    checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
    checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
    checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
    checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
    checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
    checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
    checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
    checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
    checking whether to build static libraries... yes
    checking stddef.h usability... yes
    checking stddef.h presence... yes
    checking for stddef.h... yes
    checking for string.h... (cached) yes
    checking for stdbool.h that conforms to C99... yes
    checking for _Bool... yes
    checking for size_t... yes
    checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
    checking for GNU libc compatible realloc... yes
    checking for memset... yes
    checking for socket... yes
    checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
    configure: creating ./config.status
    config.status: creating Makefile
    config.status: creating src/Makefile
    config.status: creating config.h
    config.status: executing depfiles commands
    config.status: executing libtool commands

查看生成的文件

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ll
    total 1644
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 346593 Jan 19 10:47 aclocal.m4
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1986 Jan 18 15:22 autogen.sh
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan 19 10:47 autom4te.cache
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  45297 Jan 19 10:47 config.guess
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2504 Jan 19 10:48 config.h
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2278 Jan 19 10:47 config.h.in
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  25756 Jan 19 10:48 config.log
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  61429 Jan 19 10:48 config.status
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  35533 Jan 19 10:47 config.sub
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 415594 Jan 19 10:47 configure
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    708 Jan 18 16:03 configure.ac
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  23566 Jan 19 10:47 depcomp
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  13997 Jan 19 10:47 install-sh
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 292999 Jan 19 10:48 libtool
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 283474 Jan 19 10:47 ltmain.sh
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  24843 Jan 19 10:48 Makefile
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    229 Jan 19 10:45 Makefile.am
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  24704 Jan 19 10:47 Makefile.in
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   6873 Jan 19 10:47 missing
    drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   4096 Jan 19 10:48 src
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     23 Jan 19 10:48 stamp-h1
    [root@localhost autogen_test]#

到这里就生成了Makefile文件，所有的都是直接运行脚本自动生成的。

## 3.编译 测试 ##

[root@localhost autogen_test]# make 
    make  all-recursive
    make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test'
    Making all in src
    make[2]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test/src'
    gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -I/usr/include    -g -O2 -MT auto_test.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/auto_test.Tpo -c -o auto_test.o auto_test.c
    mv -f .deps/auto_test.Tpo .deps/auto_test.Po
    /bin/sh ../libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=link gcc  -g -O2   -o auto_test auto_test.o  -lm
    libtool: link: gcc -g -O2 -o auto_test auto_test.o  -lm
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test/src'
    make[2]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test'
    make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test'
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test'

查看生成的可执行文件：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ll src/
    total 68
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11048 Jan 19 10:49 auto_test
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    81 Jan 18 15:11 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5992 Jan 19 10:49 auto_test.o
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18522 Jan 19 10:48 Makefile
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   103 Jan 18 15:16 Makefile.am
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18875 Jan 19 10:47 Makefile.in

执行可执行程序：

[root@localhost autogen_test]# ./src/auto_test 
    auto make test

执行make auto\_clean

[root@localhost autogen_test]# make auto_clean
    Making distclean in src
    make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test/src'
     rm -f auto_test
    rm -rf .libs _libs
    rm -f *.o
    rm -f *.lo
    rm -f *.tab.c
    test -z "" || rm -f 
    test . = "." || test -z "" || rm -f 
    rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags
    rm -rf ./.deps
    rm -f Makefile
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test/src'
    make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test'
    rm -rf .libs _libs
    rm -f *.lo
    test -z "" || rm -f 
    test . = "." || test -z "" || rm -f 
    rm -f config.h stamp-h1
    rm -f libtool config.lt
    rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags
    rm -f cscope.out cscope.in.out cscope.po.out cscope.files
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/autogen_test'
    rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno
    rm -f Makefile
    find . -name Makefile.in -exec rm -f {} \;
    rm -rf autom4te.cache
    rm -f missing aclocal.m4 config.h.in config.guess config.sub ltmain.sh install-sh configure depcomp compile

查看清理完毕后的文件：

测试成功，makefi文件可以正常使用，这里就可以将其抽象成一个模板性质的东西，也就是说以后要用的时候只需要修改配置文件configure.ac以及src/Makefile.am即可，自己的代码可以任意的填充，当然多目录的也是如此只需要增加相应的目录以及对于的Makefile.am文件即可，在根目录下的Makefile.am把目录名填写进去就可以自动执行脚本扫描目录生成Makefile文件进行编译了，这种用法相对于前文来说工序是一样的只不过是将单个的命令封装到脚本里面了，这样用起来就方便多了。