Linux系统安装mysql服务

Dear 丶 2022-05-31 20:17 243阅读 0赞

#### 1、使用yum命令安装 ####

yum -y install mysql-server

#### 2、安装成功后，设置开机启动 ####

chkconfig mysqld on

#### 3、启动mysql服务 ####

service mysqld start

#### 4、 设置root用户密码 ####

#### 5、使用新密码登录 ####

mysql> exit
    Bye
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> 
    使用新密码登录完成

#### 6、创建mysql的新用户，test ####

#### 7、给test用户授权，可以使得test用户从外部登录和本地登录 ####

#### 8、查看mysql的默认引擎 ####

mysql> show engines;
    +------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    | Engine     | Support | Comment                                                    | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
    +------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    | MRG_MYISAM | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | CSV        | YES     | CSV storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | MyISAM     | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance     | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | InnoDB     | YES     | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES          | YES  | YES        |
    | MEMORY     | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables  | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    +------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    从上看的出，现在默认的引擎是MyISAM,是不支持事务的，只有InnoDB支持失误，因此需要把默认引擎改成InnoDB

#### 9、修改mysql的默认引擎为InnoDB ####

###### 1) 退出mysql,并停止服务 ######

mysql> exit;
    Bye
    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# service mysqld stop;
    Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

###### 2) 修改myql的配置文件，`/etc/my.cnf` ######

① vim /etc/my.cnf
    ② 在 [mysqld]下，加入： 
    default-storage-engine=InnoDB
    ③ 保存退出
    ④ 重启服务
    [root@localhost etc]# service mysqld start
    Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

#### 10、重新查看mysql默认引擎 ####

[root@localhost etc]# mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> show engines;
    +------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    | Engine     | Support | Comment                                                    | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
    +------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    | MRG_MYISAM | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | CSV        | YES     | CSV storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | MyISAM     | YES     | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance     | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    | InnoDB     | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES          | YES  | YES        |
    | MEMORY     | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables  | NO           | NO   | NO         |
    +------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    可以看到，默认引擎已经修改为InnoDB了

#### 11、为了能使mysql能在外部系统访问，需要linux防火墙开放3306端口 ####

① vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
    ② 修改后的防火墙配置
    *filter
    :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
    :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
    :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
    -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 
    COMMIT
    
    ③ 重启防火墙
    [root@localhost etc]# service iptables restart
    iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
    iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
    iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
    iptables: Applying firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]

#### 12、 步骤总结 ####

① 使用yum在线安装mysql-server  
② 设置root用户密码  
③ 设置自定义用户，并赋权  
④ 修改myql默认引擎为InnoDB,以支持事务  
⑤ 修改linux防火墙配置，开放mysql的默认端口3306，以便外部系统能够访问