HTTP请求编码格式与报文

青旅半醒 2022-05-31 10:37 321阅读 0赞

HTTP请求的编码格式有很多中，这里主要记述一些常用的。

*  application/x-www-form-urlencoded：窗体数据被编码为名称/值对。（默认）。空格转换为 “+” 加号，但不对特殊字符编码。
 *  multipart/form-data：窗体数据被编码为一条消息，页上的每个控件对应消息中的一个部分。
 *  text/plain：窗体数据以纯文本形式进行编码，其中不含任何控件或格式字符。
 *  JSON：以纯文本形式进行编码，其格式为JSON。

现有HTML代码如下：用属性enctype的值来区分Content-Type

当Content-Type为不同值时，报文结果分别为下：

## Content-Type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded ##

浏览器用x-www-form-urlencoded的编码方式把form数据转换成一个字串（name1=value1&name2=value2…），然后把这个字串append到url后面，用?分割，加载这个新的url。 当action为post时候，浏览器把form数据封装到http body中，然后发送到server。

POST / HTTP/1.1
    Host: localhost:8080
    Connection: keep-alive
    Content-Length: 62
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    Origin: null
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
    
    userName=zhan+gsan&password=password&resultFile=dddddddddd.vlx

## Content-Type=multipart/form-data ##

浏览器会把整个表单以控件为单位分割，并为每个部分加上Content-Disposition(form-data或者file),name(控件name)等信息，并加上分割符(boundary)。  
此报文分割符为：boundary=—-WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9

POST / HTTP/1.1
    Host: localhost:8080
    Connection: keep-alive
    Content-Length: 659
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    Origin: null
    Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
    
    ------WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userName" zhan gsan ------WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password" password ------WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="resultFile"; filename="dddddddddd.vlx" Content-Type: application/octet-stream { "nodes":[{ "name":"11111","image":"theme/gast/ren.png","entityId":"1000001"},{ "name":"5555","image":"theme/gast/ren.png","entityId":"1000001"}],"edges":[{ "source":"11111","target":"5555","relation":"ssss","count":"1","currentExtDepth":"1"}]} ------WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9--

## Content-Type=text/plain ##

POST / HTTP/1.1
    Host: localhost:8080
    Connection: keep-alive
    Content-Length: 66
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
    Origin: null
    Content-Type: text/plain
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
    Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
    
    userName=zhan gsan password=password resultFile=dddddddddd.vlx