Ubuntu 16.04安装Nginx

墨蓝 2022-05-31 07:14 30阅读 0赞

原文链接：[https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/7806879.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_EasonJim_p_7806879.html]

在Ubuntu下安装Nginx有以下方法，但是如果想要安装最新版本的就必须下载源码包编译安装。  
一、基于APT源安装

sudo apt-get install nginx

安装好的文件位置：

/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序

/etc/nginx：存放配置文件

/usr/share/nginx：存放静态文件

/var/log/nginx：存放日志

其实从上面的根目录文件夹可以知道，Linux系统的配置文件一般放在/etc，日志一般放在/var/log，运行的程序一般放在/usr/sbin或者/usr/bin。

当然，如果要更清楚Nginx的配置项放在什么地方，可以打开/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

我猜测，Nginx如果指定默认加载/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的配置文件。如果要查看加载的是哪个配置文件，可以用这个命令sudo nginx -t或者ps -ef | grep nginx

然后通过这种方式安装的，会自动创建服务，会自动在/etc/init.d/nginx新建服务脚本，然后就可以使用sudo service nginx \{start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade\}的命令启动。  
脚本如下：

#!/bin/sh 
    ### BEGIN INIT INFO
    # Provides: nginx
    # Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
    # Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
    # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
    # Default-Stop: 0 1 6
    # Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
    # Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
    ### END INIT INFO
    
    PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    DAEMON=/usr/sbin/nginx
    NAME=nginx
    DESC=nginx
    
    # Include nginx defaults if available
    if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
    fi
    
    STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"
    
    test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
    
    . /lib/init/vars.sh
    . /lib/lsb/init-functions
    
    # Try to extract nginx pidfile
    PID=$(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
    if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
        PID=/run/nginx.pid
    fi
    
    if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
        # Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
        ulimit $ULIMIT
    fi
    
    start_nginx() {
        # Start the daemon/service
        #
        # Returns:
        # 0 if daemon has been started
        # 1 if daemon was already running
        # 2 if daemon could not be started
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
            || return 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
            $DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
            || return 2
    }
    
    test_config() {
        # Test the nginx configuration
        $DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
    }
    
    stop_nginx() {
        # Stops the daemon/service
        #
        # Return
        # 0 if daemon has been stopped
        # 1 if daemon was already stopped
        # 2 if daemon could not be stopped
        # other if a failure occurred
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        RETVAL="$?"
        sleep 1
        return "$RETVAL"
    }
    
    reload_nginx() {
        # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        return 0
    }
    
    rotate_logs() {
        # Rotate log files
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        return 0
    }
    
    upgrade_nginx() {
        # Online upgrade nginx executable
        # http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
        #
        # Return
        # 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
        # 1 if nginx is not running
        # 2 if the pid files were not created on time
        # 3 if the old master could not be killed
        if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
            # Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
            while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
                cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
                if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
                    return 2
                fi
                sleep 1
            done
            # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
            if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
                return 0
            else
                return 3
            fi
        else
            return 1
        fi
    }
    
    case "$1" in
        start)
            log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
            start_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;
            esac
            ;;
        stop)
            log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
            stop_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;
            esac
            ;;
        restart)
            log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
    
            # Check configuration before stopping nginx
            if ! test_config; then
                log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
                exit $?
            fi
    
            stop_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1)
                    start_nginx
                    case "$?" in
                        0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                        1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                        *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
                    esac
                    ;;
                *)
                    # Failed to stop
                    log_end_msg 1
                    ;;
            esac
            ;;
        reload|force-reload)
            log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"
    
            # Check configuration before stopping nginx
            #
            # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
            # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
            # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
            # to the administrator.
            if ! test_config; then
                log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
                exit $?
            fi
    
            reload_nginx
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        configtest|testconfig)
            log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
            test_config
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        status)
            status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
            ;;
        upgrade)
            log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
            upgrade_nginx
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        rotate)
            log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
            rotate_logs
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
            exit 3
            ;;
    esac

还有一个好处，创建好的文件由于放在/usr/sbin目录下，所以能直接在终端中使用nginx命令而无需指定路径。

二、通过源码包编译安装

这种方式可以自定安装指定的模块以及最新的版本。方式更灵活。

官方下载页面：[http://nginx.org/en/download.html][http_nginx.org_en_download.html]

configure配置文件详解：[http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html][http_nginx.org_en_docs_configure.html]

安装gcc g++的依赖库

sudo apt-get install build-essential
    sudo apt-get install libtool

安装pcre依赖库（[http://www.pcre.org/][http_www.pcre.org]）

sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev

安装zlib依赖库（[http://www.zlib.net][http_www.zlib.net]）

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

安装SSL依赖库（16.04默认已经安装了）

sudo apt-get install openssl

安装Nginx

#下载最新版本：
    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
    #解压：
    tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
    #进入解压目录：
    cd nginx-1.13.6
    #配置：
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
    #编译：
    make
    #安装：
    sudo make install
    #启动：
    sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    注意：-c 指定配置文件的路径，不加的话，nginx会自动加载默认路径的配置文件，可以通过-h查看帮助命令。
    #查看进程：
    ps -ef | grep nginx

配置软链接

sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx

现在就可以不用路径直接输入nginx启动。

配置开机启动服务

在/etc/init.d/下创建nginx文件，sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx，内容如下：

#!/bin/sh 
    ### BEGIN INIT INFO
    # Provides: nginx
    # Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
    # Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
    # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
    # Default-Stop: 0 1 6
    # Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
    # Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
    ### END INIT INFO
    
    PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
    DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    NAME=nginx
    DESC=nginx
    
    # Include nginx defaults if available
    if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
    fi
    
    STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"
    
    test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
    
    . /lib/init/vars.sh
    . /lib/lsb/init-functions
    
    # Try to extract nginx pidfile
    PID=$(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
    if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
        PID=/run/nginx.pid
    fi
    
    if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
        # Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
        ulimit $ULIMIT
    fi
    
    start_nginx() {
        # Start the daemon/service
        #
        # Returns:
        # 0 if daemon has been started
        # 1 if daemon was already running
        # 2 if daemon could not be started
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
            || return 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
            $DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
            || return 2
    }
    
    test_config() {
        # Test the nginx configuration
        $DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
    }
    
    stop_nginx() {
        # Stops the daemon/service
        #
        # Return
        # 0 if daemon has been stopped
        # 1 if daemon was already stopped
        # 2 if daemon could not be stopped
        # other if a failure occurred
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        RETVAL="$?"
        sleep 1
        return "$RETVAL"
    }
    
    reload_nginx() {
        # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        return 0
    }
    
    rotate_logs() {
        # Rotate log files
        start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
        return 0
    }
    
    upgrade_nginx() {
        # Online upgrade nginx executable
        # http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
        #
        # Return
        # 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
        # 1 if nginx is not running
        # 2 if the pid files were not created on time
        # 3 if the old master could not be killed
        if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
            # Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
            while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
                cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
                if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
                    return 2
                fi
                sleep 1
            done
            # Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
            if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
                return 0
            else
                return 3
            fi
        else
            return 1
        fi
    }
    
    case "$1" in
        start)
            log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
            start_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;
            esac
            ;;
        stop)
            log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
            stop_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;
            esac
            ;;
        restart)
            log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
    
            # Check configuration before stopping nginx
            if ! test_config; then
                log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
                exit $?
            fi
    
            stop_nginx
            case "$?" in
                0|1)
                    start_nginx
                    case "$?" in
                        0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                        1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                        *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
                    esac
                    ;;
                *)
                    # Failed to stop
                    log_end_msg 1
                    ;;
            esac
            ;;
        reload|force-reload)
            log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"
    
            # Check configuration before stopping nginx
            #
            # This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
            # may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
            # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
            # to the administrator.
            if ! test_config; then
                log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
                exit $?
            fi
    
            reload_nginx
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        configtest|testconfig)
            log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
            test_config
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        status)
            status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
            ;;
        upgrade)
            log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
            upgrade_nginx
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        rotate)
            log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
            rotate_logs
            log_end_msg $?
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
            exit 3
            ;;
    esac

#设置服务脚本有执行权限
    sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
    #注册服务
    cd /etc/init.d/
    sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults

现在基本上就可以开机启动了，常用的命令如下：

sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}

参考：

[http://www.cnblogs.com/piscesLoveCc/p/5794926.html][http_www.cnblogs.com_piscesLoveCc_p_5794926.html]（以上部分内容转自此篇文章）

[http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134080.htm][http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2016-08_134080.htm]

[https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002797601][https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000002797601]

[https_www.cnblogs.com_EasonJim_p_7806879.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/EasonJim/p/7806879.html
[http_nginx.org_en_download.html]: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
[http_nginx.org_en_docs_configure.html]: http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
[http_www.pcre.org]: http://www.pcre.org/
[http_www.zlib.net]: http://www.zlib.net
[http_www.cnblogs.com_piscesLoveCc_p_5794926.html]: http://www.cnblogs.com/piscesLoveCc/p/5794926.html
[http_www.linuxidc.com_Linux_2016-08_134080.htm]: http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-08/134080.htm
[https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000002797601]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002797601