解决mac osx下pip安装jupyter权限的问题

亦凉 2022-05-31 04:35 204阅读 0赞

**解决mac osx下pip安装jupyter权限的问题**

**(1) 在安装jupyter时，pip install  jupyter的错误提示， 又是 Operation not permitted …**

localhost:Applications a6$ sudo pip install jupyter
    
    Exception:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
        status = self.run(options, args)
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
        prefix=options.prefix_path,
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install
        **kwargs
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install
        self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files
        isolated=self.isolated,
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 377, in move_wheel_files
        clobber(source, dest, False, fixer=fixer, filter=filter)
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 316, in clobber
        ensure_dir(destdir)
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir
        os.makedirs(path)
      File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 150, in makedirs
        makedirs(head, mode)
      File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 150, in makedirs
        makedirs(head, mode)
      File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 150, in makedirs
        makedirs(head, mode)
      File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
        mkdir(name, mode)
    OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/etc'

(2)  参考以下网址：http://blog.csdn.net/helloxiaozhe/article/details/78603183，进行如下尝试，依然报错：

localhost:Applications a6$ sudo pip install jupyter --upgrade --ignore-installed
    
    Exception:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
        status = self.run(options, args)
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
        prefix=options.prefix_path,
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install
        **kwargs
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install
        self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files
        isolated=self.isolated,
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 377, in move_wheel_files
        clobber(source, dest, False, fixer=fixer, filter=filter)
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 316, in clobber
        ensure_dir(destdir)
      File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir
        os.makedirs(path)
      File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 150, in makedirs
        makedirs(head, mode)
      File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 150, in makedirs
        makedirs(head, mode)
      File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
        mkdir(name, mode)
    OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/share'

**(3) 本质原因：**

其实权限问题… OSError: \[Errno 1\] Operation not permitted ,   各种的root都不可以，想到了一个粗暴的方式，直接针对share进行chmod的授权。  结果… 提示root也是没有权限操作系统的目录。   我突然发觉肯定是新版的osx有了某种机制制止我们直接的修改/System文档数据。

google了后，发现果然如我的所料….  新系统有个叫sip的机制。 你暂时不能直接在终端进行 csrutil disable 会出现错误提示，引导你去mac osx的恢复模式进行操作。

由于El Capitan引入了SIP机制(System Integrity Protection)，默认下系统启用SIP系统完整性保护机制，无论是对于硬盘还是运行时的进程限制对系统目录的写操作。 这也是我们安装ipython失败的原因….

**现在的解决办法是取消SIP机制，具体做法是：**

重启电脑，按住Command+R(直到出现苹果标志)进入Recovery Mode(恢复模式)  
左上角菜单里找到实用工具 -> 终端  
输入csrutil disable回车  
重启Mac即可  
如果想重新启动SIP机制重复上述步骤改用csrutil enable即可

我们现在再看看sip的状态, 这样再安装jupyter、ipython、gevent再也不会提示无法写入的权限提示了

$ csrutil status
    System Integrity Protection status: disabled.

如果在mac下碰到OSError: \[Errno 1\] Operation not permitted:的问题，就算用sudo 也无法解决，那肯定是sip在作怪了.

**(4) 优雅解决方案：**

有一个大牛给出一个优雅的方案，大家可以使用下. 基于用户的权限来安装模块包显得更加合理。

pip install ipython --user -U

我的最终解决方案：

localhost:Applications a6$ sudo pip install jupyter --user -U
    The directory '/Users/a6/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
    The directory '/Users/a6/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
    Collecting jupyter
      Downloading jupyter-1.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
    Requirement already up-to-date: jupyter-console in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter)
    Collecting ipykernel (from jupyter)
      Downloading ipykernel-4.8.0-py2-none-any.whl (108kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 670kB/s
    Requirement already up-to-date: notebook in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: nbconvert in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: qtconsole in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter)
    Collecting ipywidgets (from jupyter)
      Downloading ipywidgets-7.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (68kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 3.5MB/s
    Requirement already up-to-date: jupyter-client in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: ipython in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: pygments in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: prompt-toolkit<2.0.0,>=1.0.0 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: tornado>=4.0 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipykernel->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: traitlets>=4.1.0 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipykernel->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: jupyter-core>=4.4.0 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from notebook->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: ipython-genutils in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from notebook->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: terminado>=0.8.1 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from notebook->jupyter)
    Collecting jinja2 (from notebook->jupyter)
      Downloading Jinja2-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 2.9MB/s
    Requirement already up-to-date: nbformat in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from notebook->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: Send2Trash in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from notebook->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: mistune>=0.7.4 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from nbconvert->jupyter)
    Collecting bleach (from nbconvert->jupyter)
      Downloading bleach-2.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
    Requirement already up-to-date: testpath in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from nbconvert->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: pandocfilters>=1.4.1 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from nbconvert->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: entrypoints>=0.2.2 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from nbconvert->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: widgetsnbextension~=3.1.0 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipywidgets->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: pyzmq>=13 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter-client->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: python-dateutil>=2.1 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jupyter-client->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: setuptools>=18.5 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: simplegeneric>0.8 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: backports.shutil-get-terminal-size; python_version == "2.7" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: appnope; sys_platform == "darwin" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: pexpect; sys_platform != "win32" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: pickleshare in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: decorator in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: pathlib2; python_version == "2.7" or python_version == "3.3" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: wcwidth in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from prompt-toolkit<2.0.0,>=1.0.0->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: six>=1.9.0 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from prompt-toolkit<2.0.0,>=1.0.0->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: backports-abc>=0.4 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from tornado>=4.0->ipykernel->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: certifi in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from tornado>=4.0->ipykernel->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: singledispatch in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from tornado>=4.0->ipykernel->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: enum34; python_version == "2.7" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from traitlets>=4.1.0->ipykernel->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: ptyprocess; os_name != "nt" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from terminado>=0.8.1->notebook->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jinja2->notebook->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: jsonschema!=2.5.0,>=2.4 in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from nbformat->notebook->jupyter)
    Collecting html5lib!=1.0b1,!=1.0b2,!=1.0b3,!=1.0b4,!=1.0b5,!=1.0b6,!=1.0b7,!=1.0b8,>=0.99999999pre (from bleach->nbconvert->jupyter)
      Downloading html5lib-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (117kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 122kB 4.8MB/s
    Requirement already up-to-date: configparser>=3.5; python_version == "2.7" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from entrypoints>=0.2.2->nbconvert->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: scandir; python_version < "3.5" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from pathlib2; python_version == "2.7" or python_version == "3.3"->ipython->jupyter-console->jupyter)
    Requirement already up-to-date: functools32; python_version == "2.7" in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (from jsonschema!=2.5.0,>=2.4->nbformat->notebook->jupyter)
    Collecting webencodings (from html5lib!=1.0b1,!=1.0b2,!=1.0b3,!=1.0b4,!=1.0b5,!=1.0b6,!=1.0b7,!=1.0b8,>=0.99999999pre->bleach->nbconvert->jupyter)
      Downloading webencodings-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
    Installing collected packages: ipykernel, ipywidgets, jupyter, jinja2, webencodings, html5lib, bleach
    Successfully installed bleach-2.1.2 html5lib-1.0.1 ipykernel-4.8.0 ipywidgets-7.1.1 jinja2-2.10 jupyter-1.0.0 webencodings-0.5.1

**参考网址：**

http://blog.csdn.net/helloxiaozhe/article/details/78603183

http://xiaorui.cc/?p=3061