Python的socket通信

柔情只为你懂 2022-05-29 11:39 186阅读 0赞

python中的socket模块封装了底层的TCP/IP等协议的实现细节，将其隐藏在socket接口中。  
TCP使用三次握手建立连接，四次握手断开连接。原理：连接时可靠，并且发送消息有确认回复机制，保证消息可靠传输。四次握手因为客户端断开连接后服务器可能还有数据要传送，所以不能与确认命令一起发送，故比建立连接多一次握手。  
![这里写图片描述][70]  
简单实现C/Ssocket通信例子

## TCP：server端： ##

# import socket
    from socket import *
    ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
    back_log=5
    buffer_size=1024
    
    tcp_server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server.bind(ip_port)
    tcp_server.listen(back_log)
    
    while True:
        print('服务端开始运行了')
        conn,addr=tcp_server.accept() #服务端阻塞
        print('双向链接是',conn)
        print('客户端地址',addr)
    
        while True:
            # try:
                data=conn.recv(buffer_size)
                print('客户端发来的消息是',data.decode('utf-8'))
                conn.send(data.upper())
            # except Exception:
            # break
        conn.close()
    
    tcp_server.close()

## TCP：客户端 ##

# import socket
    from socket import *
    ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
    back_log=5
    buffer_size=1024
    
    tcp_client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_client.connect(ip_port)
    
    while True:
        msg=input('>>: ').strip()
        if not msg:continue
        tcp_client.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))
        print('客户端已经发送消息')
        data=tcp_client.recv(buffer_size)
        print('收到服务端发来的消息',data.decode('utf-8'))
    
    tcp_client.close()

## UDP：server端 ##

from socket import *
    ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
    buffer_size=1024
    
    udp_server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM) #数据报
    udp_server.bind(ip_port)
    
    while True:
        data,addr=udp_server.recvfrom(buffer_size)
        print(data)
    
        udp_server.sendto(data.upper(),addr)

## UDP：客户端 ##

from socket import *
    ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
    buffer_size=1024
    
    udp_client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM) #数据报
    
    while True:
        msg=input('>>: ').strip()
        udp_client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),ip_port)
    
        data,addr=udp_client.recvfrom(buffer_size)
        # print(data.decode('utf-8'))
        print(data)

## 利用socketserver实现TCP多线程通信 ##

# 服务端
    import socketserver
    ''' def __init__(self, request, client_address, server): self.request = request self.client_address = client_address self.server = server self.setup() try: self.handle() finally: self.finish() '''
    
    class MyServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
    
        def handle(self):
            print('conn is: ',self.request)   #conn
            print('addr is: ',self.client_address) #addr
    
            while True:
                try:
                #收消息
                    data=self.request.recv(1024)
                    if not data:break
                    print('收到客户端的消息是',data,self.client_address)
    
                    #发消息
                    self.request.sendall(data.upper())
    
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
                    break
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        s=socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080),MyServer) #多线程
        # s=socketserver.ForkingTCPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080),MyServer) #多进程
    
        # self.server_address = server_address
        # self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
        print(s.server_address)
        print(s.RequestHandlerClass)
        print(MyServer)
        print(s.socket)
        print(s.server_address)
        s.serve_forever()
    
    
    
    
    # 客户端 拷贝多份执行可同时与服务端通信
    from socket import *
    import struct
    from functools import partial
    ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
    back_log=5
    buffer_size=1024
    
    tcp_client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_client.connect(ip_port)
    
    while True:
        cmd=input('>>: ').strip()
        if not cmd:continue
        if cmd == 'quit':break
    
        tcp_client.send(cmd.encode('utf-8'))
    
    
        recv_data = tcp_client.recv(buffer_size)
        recv_size=len(recv_data)
        print('命令的执行结果是 ',recv_data.decode('gbk'))
    tcp_client.close()

[70]: /images/20220529/691316c9f4a14dadab45ff93f0edf375.png