CentOS7.2装mysql5.7.17

逃离我推掉我的手 2022-05-28 09:38 130阅读 0赞

https://www.centoschina.cn/server/sql/mysql/8736.html

## Centos7 安装MySQL 5.7 (通用二进制包) ##

#### 1.下载安装包 ####

下载地址

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86\_64.tar.gz

安装文档

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html

#### 2.创建用户和组 ####

groupadd mysql
    useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

#### 3.解压到指定目录 ####

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
    cd /usr/local/
    ln -s mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
    或者
    mv  mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

#### 4.配置PATH ####

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
    source /etc/profile

#### 5.数据库目录规划 ####

<table style="border-top:1px solid #C0C0C0;border-left:1px solid #C0C0C0;width:740px;border-spacing:0px;font-size:12px;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-style:solid;border-right-color:#C0C0C0;border-bottom-color:#C0C0C0;"> 
 <thead style="font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;background-color:rgb(250,250,250);font-size:14px;"> 
  <tr style="height:76px;"> 
   <th style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;background-color:rgb(250,250,250);border-collapse:collapse;">文件类型</th> 
   <th style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;background-color:rgb(250,250,250);border-collapse:collapse;">实例3306</th> 
   <th style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;background-color:rgb(250,250,250);border-collapse:collapse;">软链</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">数据datadir</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/usr/local/mysql/data</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/data/mysql/data</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(252,252,252);"> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">参数文件my.cnf</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">错误日志log-error</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(252,252,252);"> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">二进制日志log-bin</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/usr/local/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/data/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">慢查询日志slow_query_log_file</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_slow_query.log</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="background-color:rgb(252,252,252);"> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">套接字socket文件</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">pid文件</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.pid</td> 
   <td style="border-color:#C0C0C0;padding:3px;border-collapse:collapse;">&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

备注：考虑到数据和二进制日志比较大，需要软链

mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run} ln -s /data/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/data ln -s /data/mysql/binlogs /usr/local/mysql/binlogs ln -s /data/mysql/log /usr/local/mysql/log ln -s /data/mysql/etc /usr/local/mysql/etc ln -s /data/mysql/run /usr/local/mysql/run chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/ chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run}

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/{log,etc,run}
    mkdir -p /data/mysql/{ data,binlogs}
    ln -s /data/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/data
    ln -s /data/mysql/binlogs /usr/local/mysql/binlogs
    chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/{
         data,binlogs,log,etc,run}
    chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

#### 6.配置my.cnf参数文件 ####

删除系统自带的my.cnf

rm -f /etc/my.cnf

在/usr/local/MySQL/etc/下创建my.cnf文件，加入如下参数，其他参数根据需要配置

[client]
    port = 3306
    socket = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
    
    [mysqld]
    port = 3306
    socket = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
    pid_file = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.pid
    datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
    default_storage_engine = InnoDB
    max_allowed_packet = 512M
    max_connections = 2048
    open_files_limit = 65535
    
    skip-name-resolve
    lower_case_table_names=1
    
    character-set-server = utf8mb4
    collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
    init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
    
    
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
    innodb_log_file_size = 2048M
    innodb_file_per_table = 1
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
    
    
    key_buffer_size = 64M
    
    log-error = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log
    log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin
    slow_query_log = 1
    slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_slow_query.log
    long_query_time = 5
    
    
    tmp_table_size = 32M
    max_heap_table_size = 32M
    query_cache_type = 0
    query_cache_size = 0
    
    server-id=1

#### 7.初始化数据库 ####

执行：

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

在日志文件里会提示一个临时密码，记录这个密码

grep 'temporary password' /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log 
    2017-03-12T13:26:30.619610Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: b#uhQy*=d7yH

#### 8.生成ssl ####

mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

#### 9.设置启动项 ####

CentOS 6

cd /usr/local/mysql
    cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
    chkconfig --add mysql.server
    chkconfig  mysql.server on
    chkconfig --list

CentOS 7

cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
    touch mysqld.service

编辑内容如下

shell> cat mysqld.service 
    # Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    #
    # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    # the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
    #
    # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
    # GNU General Public License for more details.
    #
    # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
    #
    # systemd service file for MySQL forking server
    #
    
    [Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server
    Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    
    Type=forking
    
    PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid
    
    # Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
    TimeoutSec=0
    
    # Execute pre and post scripts as root
    PermissionsStartOnly=true
    
    # Needed to create system tables
    #ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
    
    # Start main service
    ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS
    
    # Use this to switch malloc implementation
    EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
    
    # Sets open_files_limit
    LimitNOFILE = 65535
    
    Restart=on-failure
    
    RestartPreventExitStatus=1
    
    PrivateTmp=false

加载

systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl enable mysqld.service
    systemctl is-enabled mysqld

#### 10. 启动mysql ####

systemctl start mysqld.service

#### 11. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts ####

重置密码(上一步已经重置过了 这次可以忽略)  
删除匿名用户  
关闭root用户的远程登录  
删除测试数据库

shell> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
    
    Securing the MySQL server deployment.
    
    Enter password for user root: 
    
    The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
    
    New password: 
    
    Re-enter new password: 
    
    VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
    and improve security. It checks the strength of password
    and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
    secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
    
    Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y
    
    There are three levels of password validation policy:
    
    LOW    Length >= 8
    MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
    STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary                  file
    
    Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2
    Using existing password for root.
    
    Estimated strength of the password: 100 
    Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N
    
     ... skipping.
    By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
    allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
    a user account created for them. This is intended only for
    testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
    You should remove them before moving into a production
    environment.
    
    Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
    Success.
    
    
    Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
    'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
    the root password from the network.
    
    Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
    Success.
    
    By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
    anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
    and should be removed before moving into a production
    environment.
    
    
    Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
     - Dropping test database...
    Success.
    
     - Removing privileges on test database...
    Success.
    
    Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
    made so far will take effect immediately.
    
    Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
    Success.
    
    All done!

#### 12.Populating the Time Zone Tables ####

导入时区信息

mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -u root -p mysql

#### 13.测试 ####

shell> mysqladmin version -uroot -p
    Enter password: 
    mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.17, for linux-glibc2.5 on x86_64
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Server version      5.7.17-log
    Protocol version    10
    Connection      Localhost via UNIX socket
    UNIX socket     /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock
    Uptime:         4 min 0 sec
     Threads: 1  Questions: 8681  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 122  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 103  Queries per second avg: 36.170

查看变量

shell> mysqladmin variables -uroot -p

#### 14.开放3306端口 ####

##Add
    firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
     
    ##Reload
    firewall-cmd --reload
     
    ## 检查是否生效
    firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp
     
    ## 列出所有的开放端口
    firewall-cmd --list-all

#### 15.利用logrotate对MySQL日志进行轮转 ####

shell > cat /root/.my.cnf 
    [mysqladmin]  
    password = password  
    user= root
     
    chmod 600 /root/.my.cnf

cp  /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate /etc/logrotate.d/
    chmod 644  /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate

修改内容如下

shell > cat /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate 
    # The log file name and location can be set in
    # /etc/my.cnf by setting the "log-error" option
    # in either [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] section as
    # follows:
    #
    # [mysqld]
    # log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
    #
    # In case the root user has a password, then you
    # have to create a /root/.my.cnf configuration file
    # with the following content:
    #
    # [mysqladmin]
    # password = <secret> 
    # user= root
    #
    # where "<secret>" is the password. 
    #
    # ATTENTION: The /root/.my.cnf file should be readable
    # _ONLY_ by root !
    
    /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_*.log {
            # create 600 mysql mysql
            notifempty
            weekly 
            rotate 52
            missingok
            compress
        postrotate
        # just if mysqld is really running
        if test -x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && \
           /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null
        then
           /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs
        fi
        endscript
    }

测试

/usr/sbin/logrotate -fv /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate

设置新密码：

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('your new password');ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
    flush privileges;

远程授权：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your password' WITH GRANT OPTION;

最后牢记：养成配置Linux防火墙的习惯

添加端口：

firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp