Kibana+ElasticSearch实现索引数据的几种查询方式

以你之姓@ 2022-05-28 06:19 672阅读 0赞

**1.match\_all搜索,直接返回所有文档**

GET /school/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match_all": {
          
        }
      }
    }

**返回结果大致如下:**

{
      "took": 13,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 23,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "b3ffcWIB-npqvsX5SmVm",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "aggs": {
                "group_by_word_count": {
                  "terms": {
                    "field": "word_count"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "c3fjcWIB-npqvsX5G2Wh",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "aggs": {
                "grades_word_count": {
                  "stats": {
                    "field": "word_count"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dHfjcWIB-npqvsX5uWWr",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "aggs": {
                "grades_word_count": {
                  "min": {
                    "field": "word_count"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dXfkcWIB-npqvsX5hmWx",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "match": {
                  "name": "海哥"
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dnflcWIB-npqvsX5S2V0",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "multi_match": {
                  "query": "海哥",
                  "fields": [
                    "name",
                    "address"
                  ]
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "fXfqcWIB-npqvsX5yGXf",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "bool": {
                  "filter": {
                    "term": {
                      "word_count": 2000
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "fnfrcWIB-npqvsX5mGXq",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "constant_score": {
                  "filter": {
                    "match": {
                      "title": "ElasticSearch"
                    }
                  },
                  "boost": 2
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "gHfucWIB-npqvsX5HWUB",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "bool": {
                  "must_not": [
                    {
                      "term": {
                        "word_count": "2000"
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "HYVJOGIBUtf8tEPshwDC",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "name": "张小花",
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "age": 24,
              "date": "1996-07-24"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "cHffcWIB-npqvsX59mXN",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "aggs": {
                "group_by_word_count": {
                  "terms": {
                    "field": "word_count"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**参数大致解释:**

*  **took: 执行搜索耗时，毫秒为单位**
 *  **time\_out: 搜索是否超时**
 *  **\_shards: 多少分片被搜索，成功多少，失败多少**
 *  **hits： 搜索结果展示**
 *  **hits.total: 匹配条件的文档总数**
 *  **hits.hits: 返回结果展示，默认返回十个**
 *  **hits.max\_score：最大匹配得分**
 *  **hits.\_score: 返回文档的匹配得分（得分越高，匹配程度越高，越靠前）**
 *  **\_index \_type \_id 作为剥层定位到特定的文档**
 *  **\_source 文档源**

**2.执行查询**

**2.1 只显示name和address**

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": { "match_all": {} },
      "_source": ["name", "address"]
    }

查询结果:

{
      "took": 313,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 23,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "b3ffcWIB-npqvsX5SmVm",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "c3fjcWIB-npqvsX5G2Wh",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dHfjcWIB-npqvsX5uWWr",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dXfkcWIB-npqvsX5hmWx",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dnflcWIB-npqvsX5S2V0",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "fXfqcWIB-npqvsX5yGXf",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "fnfrcWIB-npqvsX5mGXq",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "gHfucWIB-npqvsX5HWUB",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "HYVJOGIBUtf8tEPshwDC",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "name": "张小花"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "cHffcWIB-npqvsX59mXN",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {}
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**2.2 返回name为haige的document**

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": { "match": { "name": "张小花" } }
    }

**查询结果:**

{
      "took": 439,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 2.634553,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "bXfXcWIB-npqvsX5w2Vc",
            "_score": 2.634553,
            "_source": {
              "name": "张小花",
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "age": 24,
              "date": "1996-07-24"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "HYVJOGIBUtf8tEPshwDC",
            "_score": 0.8630463,
            "_source": {
              "name": "张小花",
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "age": 24,
              "date": "1996-07-24"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**2.3 返回name包含"海"的所有document**

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": { "match": { "name": "海" } }
    }

**查询结果:**

{
      "took": 68,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.0417081,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1.0417081,
            "_source": {
              "name": "海哥",
              "address": "山东济宁",
              "age": 27,
              "date": "1998-03-16"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**2.4 返回name中包含term "海" 或 "花" 的所有document**

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": { "match": { "name": "海 花" } }
    }

{
      "took": 26,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1.0417081,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1.0417081,
            "_source": {
              "name": "海哥",
              "address": "山东济宁",
              "age": 27,
              "date": "1998-03-16"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "bXfXcWIB-npqvsX5w2Vc",
            "_score": 0.8781843,
            "_source": {
              "name": "张小花",
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "age": 24,
              "date": "1996-07-24"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "HYVJOGIBUtf8tEPshwDC",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
              "name": "张小花",
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "age": 24,
              "date": "1996-07-24"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**2.5 匹配phrase "海 花"**

POST /school/_search
    {
     "query": { "match_phrase": { "name": "海 花" }}
    }

**查询结果:**

{
      "took": 5,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 0,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
      }
    }

**2.6 返回name中包含"海"和"哥"的所有账户(AND)**

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            { "match": { "name": "海" } },
            { "match": { "name": "哥" } }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

**查询结果:**

{
      "took": 208,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 2.0834162,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 2.0834162,
            "_source": {
              "name": "海哥",
              "address": "山东济宁",
              "age": 27,
              "date": "1998-03-16"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**2.7 返回name中包含"海"或"花"的所有document**

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "should": [
            { "match": { "name": "海" } },
            { "match": { "name": "花" } }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

**查询结果:**

{
      "took": 19,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1.0417081,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1.0417081,
            "_source": {
              "name": "海哥",
              "address": "山东济宁",
              "age": 27,
              "date": "1998-03-16"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "bXfXcWIB-npqvsX5w2Vc",
            "_score": 0.8781843,
            "_source": {
              "name": "张小花",
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "age": 24,
              "date": "1996-07-24"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "HYVJOGIBUtf8tEPshwDC",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
              "name": "张小花",
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "age": 24,
              "date": "1996-07-24"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**2.8 查询name中既不包含"海",也不包含"哥"的所有document**

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must_not": [
            { "match": { "name": "海" } },
            { "match": { "name": "哥" } }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

**查询结果:**

{
      "took": 264,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 22,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "b3ffcWIB-npqvsX5SmVm",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "aggs": {
                "group_by_word_count": {
                  "terms": {
                    "field": "word_count"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "c3fjcWIB-npqvsX5G2Wh",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "aggs": {
                "grades_word_count": {
                  "stats": {
                    "field": "word_count"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dHfjcWIB-npqvsX5uWWr",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "aggs": {
                "grades_word_count": {
                  "min": {
                    "field": "word_count"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dXfkcWIB-npqvsX5hmWx",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "match": {
                  "name": "海哥"
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "dnflcWIB-npqvsX5S2V0",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "multi_match": {
                  "query": "海哥",
                  "fields": [
                    "name",
                    "address"
                  ]
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "fXfqcWIB-npqvsX5yGXf",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "bool": {
                  "filter": {
                    "term": {
                      "word_count": 2000
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "fnfrcWIB-npqvsX5mGXq",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "constant_score": {
                  "filter": {
                    "match": {
                      "title": "ElasticSearch"
                    }
                  },
                  "boost": 2
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "gHfucWIB-npqvsX5HWUB",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "query": {
                "bool": {
                  "must_not": [
                    {
                      "term": {
                        "word_count": "2000"
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                }
              }
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "HYVJOGIBUtf8tEPshwDC",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "name": "张小花",
              "address": "山东烟台",
              "age": 24,
              "date": "1996-07-24"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "cHffcWIB-npqvsX59mXN",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "aggs": {
                "group_by_word_count": {
                  "terms": {
                    "field": "word_count"
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**2.9 返回name中包含"海",且地址不是"山东烟台"的所有document**

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            { "match": { "name": "海" } }
          ],
          "must_not": [
            { "match": { "address": "山东烟台" } }
          ]
        }
      }
    }

**查询结果:**

{
      "took": 73,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 3,
        "successful": 3,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.0417081,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "school",
            "_type": "student",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1.0417081,
            "_source": {
              "name": "海哥",
              "address": "山东济宁",
              "age": 27,
              "date": "1998-03-16"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**3. 过滤查询**

3.1 在所有document中寻找age在0-25岁之间(闭区间)的学生

POST /school/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "filtered": {
          "query": { "match_all": {} },
          "filter": {
            "range": {
              "age": {
                "gte": 0,
                "lte": 25
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

**4.谈论query和filter的效率**

一般认为filter的速度快于query的速度   
 \- filter不会计算相关度得分，效率高   
 \- filter的结果可以缓存到内存中，方便再用