C++11中的随机数与模板函数，模板类

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-05-27 02:17 152阅读 0赞

**本篇博客涉及C++11中的随机数与模板函数，模板类**

**下面有详细解释**

** if(!a)，表示a为假时执行后续语句**

例如：

bool Mouse::isAlive()  
\{  
if (hp <= 0)  
return false;  
else  
return true;  
\}

if (!mouse.isAlive())

break;

下面是猫鼠互打代码

class Cat：增加20%概率连击的攻击技能  
class Mouse：增加80%概率回避的防御技能

class Goat，以及10%概率一击必杀的攻击技能，自行修改main函数以测试功能

\#include<iostream>  
\#include<random>  
\#include<string>  
  
  
using namespace std;  
class Cat;  
class Mouse  
\{  
private:  
string name;  
int hp, atk;  
public:  
Mouse(string, int, int);  
string getName();  
void showIntro();  
void destroy();  
void reduceHP(int);  
template<typename T>  
void attack(T &);  
bool isAlive();  
\};  
class Cat  
\{  
private:  
string name;  
int hp, atk;  
public:  
Cat(string, int, int);  
string getName();  
void showIntro();  
void destroy();  
void reduceHP(int);  
**template<typename T>  
void attack(T &);      //声明处也必须用template<typename T>**  
bool isAlive();  
\};  
**template<typename T>  
class Goat**  
\{  
private:  
T name1, name2;  
public:  
Goat(T name1, T name2) :name1(name1), name2(name2)  
\{  
cout << name1 << "一击杀死" << name2 << endl;  
\}  
  
  
\};  
Mouse::Mouse(string name1, int hp1, int atk1)  
\{  
name = name1;  
hp = hp1;  
atk = atk1;  
\}  
void Mouse::showIntro()  
\{  
cout << name << "\\t血量：" << hp << "\\t攻击力:" << atk << endl;  
\}  
void Mouse::destroy()  
\{  
hp = 0;  
cout << name << "被消灭" << endl;  
\}  
void Mouse::reduceHP(int r)  
\{  
random\_device rd;  
int avoid = rd() % 101 + 1;  
  
  
if (avoid > 80)  
\{  
cout << "躲避失败" << name << "受到了" << r << "点伤害" << endl;  
hp -= r;  
if (hp <= 0)  
destroy();  
\}  
else if (avoid <= 80)  
\{  
cout << name << "躲避成功" << endl;  
\}  
\}  
**template<typename T>  
void Mouse::attack(T &enemy)  //声明函数模板与声明类模板不同**  
\{  
cout << name << "对" << enemy.getName() << "发起了攻击，";  
enemy.reduceHP(atk);  
\}  
bool Mouse::isAlive()  
\{  
if (hp <= 0)  
return false;  
else  
return true;  
\}  
string Mouse::getName()  
\{  
return name;  
\}  
Cat::Cat(string name1, int hp1, int atk1)  
\{  
name = name1;  
hp = hp1;  
atk = atk1;  
\}  
void Cat::showIntro()  
\{  
cout << name << "\\t血量：" << hp << "\\t攻击力:" << atk << endl;  
\}  
void Cat::destroy()  
\{  
hp = 0;  
cout << name << "被消灭" << endl;  
\}  
void Cat::reduceHP(int r)  
\{  
cout << name << "受到了" << r << "点伤害" << endl;  
hp -= r;  
if (hp <= 0)  
destroy();  
\}  
**template<typename T>  
void Cat::attack(T &enemy)**  
\{  
random\_device rd;  
int a;  
a = rd() % 101 + 1;  
cout << name << "对" << enemy.getName() << "发起了攻击，";  
enemy.reduceHP(atk);  
if (a < 20)  
\{  
cout << name << "再次发起攻击" << endl;  
enemy.reduceHP(atk);  
\}  
  
  
  
  
\}  
bool Cat::isAlive()  
\{  
if (hp <= 0)  
return false;  
else  
return true;  
\}  
string Cat::getName()  
\{  
return name;  
\}  
int main()  
\{  
Cat cat("Tom", 100, 20);  
Mouse mouse("Jerry", 50, 10);  
random\_device rd, rb;  
int a, b;  
a = rd() % 101 + 1;  
b = rb() % 101 + 1;  
while (cat.isAlive() && mouse.isAlive())  
\{  
cat.showIntro();  
mouse.showIntro();  
cat.attack(mouse);  
if (!mouse.isAlive())  
break;  
mouse.attack(cat);  
if (a <= 10)  
\{  
**Goat<string> x("Tom", "Jerry");  //类模板的不同**  
break;  
\}  
if (b <= 10)  
\{  
**Goat<string> x("Jerry", "Tom");**  
break;  
\}  
cout << endl;  
\}  
return 0;  
\}

下面详细讲下模板定义

定义方法类似于模板函数

template<typename T>  
class ClassName  
\{  
…

\};

当用到多个模板参数时

template<typename T1, typename T2>

当一个模板类形如以下定义时  
template<typename T>  
class ClassName  
\{  
…  
\};  
使用该模板类定义实体或者实体指针需要这样定义  
ClassName<具体的类型> ObjectName;  
ClassName<具体的类型> \*ObjectPointer;  
具体的类型例如int、double等类型或者自定义的class，表示用该具体的类型替代模板类定义中的T。

例：定义一个模板类，属性为两个某种相同类型数据，两个方法分别返回其中的较大值和较小值

\#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

template<typename T>

class Compare

private:

T x, y;

public:

Compare(T a, T b)

x = a;

y = b;

T getMax()