Springboot 单元测试注解报错或注入失败

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-05-26 06:22 910阅读 1赞

今天做单元测试遇到一个问题，报错信息如下：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test
    	at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:70)
    	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.getOrFindConfigurationClasses(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:202)
    	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.processMergedContextConfiguration(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:137)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:409)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildDefaultMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:323)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:277)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:112)
    	at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:82)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:120)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:105)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTestContextManager(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:152)
    	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:143)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    	at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
    	at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
    	at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
    	at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
    	at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:36)
    	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49)
    	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
    	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

报错信息提示：找不到 @SpringConfiguration 注解，添加了这个注解后，又报下面的错误：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.mljr.acs.pay.statistic.service.ReportQueryPayFacade' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066)
    	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585)

最后在网上查到了答案：[https://blog.csdn.net/leigh\_/article/details/69409488（感谢博主分享）][https_blog.csdn.net_leigh_article_details_69409488]

其实就是 Springboot 项目的启动类 和 单元测试类的包名必须相同，如下所示：  
![这里写图片描述][70]

红框部分的包名必须相同，我的不相同，所以报错了，改为同一个就好了。

下面附单元测试的代码：  
单元测试pom：

<dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>

定义一个测试基类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public abstract class BaseTest {
        
    }

而后其他的测试类继承该类就可以了，非常方便。

业务测试类：

public class SettleFacadeTest extends BaseTest{
    	
    	@Resource
    	ISettleQueryFacade settleQueryFacade;
    
    	@Test
    	public void queryDetailList(){
    	    List<SettleDetail> detailList = settleQueryFacade.queryDetailList();	 
    	}
    }

[https_blog.csdn.net_leigh_article_details_69409488]: https://blog.csdn.net/leigh_/article/details/69409488%EF%BC%88%E6%84%9F%E8%B0%A2%E5%8D%9A%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%86%E4%BA%AB%EF%BC%89
[70]: /images/20220526/35687c13b66843b99774a008adc2a0cf.png