AI&BigData训练营笔记三：Python爬虫攻破反爬虫防御策略

亦凉 2022-05-26 01:22 119阅读 0赞

**系统环境：**

操作系统：Windows8.1专业版 64bit    
    Python：anaconda、Python2.7    
    Python modules:requests、json、random、time

Background：

在使用Python爬虫爬取网页数据时，我们会遭到网站自身的反爬虫防御，这时候我们需要采取一些方法来攻破网站的反爬虫防御策略。

解决方法：

接下来，将使用*伪装浏览器UA、IP代理、爬虫频率控制*这三种方法来攻破网站的反爬虫防御策略。在编程实现之前，需要按照以上的系统环境，配置好自己的Python环境。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    """
    Created on Sun Apr 22 17:08:29 2018
    
    @author: gmn
    """
    
    #导入requests module
    import requests
    #导入json module
    import json
    #导入random module
    import random
    #导入time module
    import time
    
    #User-Agent列表，这个可以自己在网上搜到
    USER_AGENTS = [
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
        "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
        "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
    ]
    
    #设置IP代理
    proxies={"http":"http://41.118.132.69:4433"}
    #爬取100次
    for index in range(100):
        print '第%d次爬取：' % (index+1)
        #设置要爬取的url
        url='http://money.finance.sina.com.cn/d/api/openapi_proxy.php/?__s=[[%22bkshy%22,%22%22,0]]'
        #设置get请求的User-Agent，用于伪装浏览器UA
        headers={'User-Agent':random.choice(USER_AGENTS)}
        #requests get请求
        req=requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies=proxies)
        #加载json数据
        jsinfo=json.loads(req.content)
        #测试：打印爬取到的json数据
        print jsinfo[0]['count']
        #设置爬取频率
        time.sleep(5) #延时5秒