树莓派3B+ 网络扫描和嗅探(nmap)

忘是亡心i 2022-05-25 10:19 703阅读 0赞

## 树莓派3B+ 网络扫描和嗅探(nmap) ##

> 既然树莓派是运行Linux系统的，那必不可少的是一些网络嗅探工具，而nmap是一款很不错的工具，它包含了4大功能：主机发现（Host Discovery）、端口扫描（Port Scanning）、版本侦测（Version Detection）、操作系统侦测（Operating System Detection）。基本能满足我们平时需求。

### 1.直接安装nmap ###

sudo apt install -y nmap

### 2.使用介绍 ###

#### 2.0基本参数介绍 ####

> 官方中文介绍：[传送门][Link 1]  
> 虽然有官方的介绍，但还是罗列一些常用的吧！

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>参数</th> 
   <th align="center">作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-sP</td> 
   <td align="center">Ping 扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-P0</td> 
   <td align="center">无 Ping 扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-PS</td> 
   <td align="center">TCP SYN Ping 扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-PA</td> 
   <td align="center">TCP ACK Ping 扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-PU</td> 
   <td align="center">UDP Ping 扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-PE,-PP,-PM</td> 
   <td align="center">ICMP Ping Types 扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-PR</td> 
   <td align="center">ARP Ping 扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-n</td> 
   <td align="center">禁止 DNS 反向解析</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-R</td> 
   <td align="center">反向解析域名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–system-dns</td> 
   <td align="center">使用系统域名解析器</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-sL</td> 
   <td align="center">列表扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-6</td> 
   <td align="center">扫描 IPv6 地址</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–traceroute</td> 
   <td align="center">路由跟踪</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-PY</td> 
   <td align="center">SCTP INIT Ping 扫描</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#### 2.1 扫描在线主机 ####

# 先让我们ping一段地址范围，找到在线主机：
    nmap -sP 192.168.1.1-255
    # 结果如下：
    
    Starting Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-05-12 13:10 UTC
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.1
    Host is up (0.088s latency).
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.100
    Host is up (0.025s latency).
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.107
    Host is up (0.13s latency).
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.113
    Host is up (0.0051s latency).
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.115
    Host is up (0.0033s latency).
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.116
    Host is up (0.26s latency).
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.120
    Host is up (0.13s latency).
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.144
    Host is up (0.28s latency).
    Nmap done: 255 IP addresses (8 hosts up) scanned in 17.41 seconds

> 那我们就选我的另一个树莓派做测试，即：`192.168.1.120`

#### 2.2使用SYN扫描探测开放端口和操作系统 ####

sudo nmap -sS 192.168.1.120 -O
    # 结果如下：
    Starting Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-05-12 13:23 UTC
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.120
    Host is up (0.0065s latency).
    Not shown: 990 closed ports
    PORT     STATE SERVICE
    21/tcp   open  ftp
    22/tcp   open  ssh
    53/tcp   open  domain
    80/tcp   open  http
    139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
    445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds
    1080/tcp open  socks
    4662/tcp open  edonkey
    8002/tcp open  teradataordbms
    9001/tcp open  tor-orport
    MAC Address: B8:27:EB:B8:CE:B6 (Raspberry Pi Foundation)
    Device type: general purpose
    Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
    OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
    OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.6
    Network Distance: 1 hop
    
    OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
    Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 9.44 seconds

#### 2.3扫描开放端口详细信息 ####

nmap -sV 192.168.1.120 -A
    # 结果如下：（扫描比较慢，可指定一些端口扫会更快）
    
    Starting Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-05-12 13:13 UTC
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.120
    Host is up (0.017s latency).
    Not shown: 989 closed ports
    PORT     STATE SERVICE         VERSION
    21/tcp   open  ftp             vsftpd 3.0.3
    22/tcp   open  ssh             (protocol 2.0)
    | fingerprint-strings: 
    | NULL: 
    |_ SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Raspbian-10+deb9u3
    | ssh-hostkey: 
    | 2048 dc:1c:f1:98:66:d4:52:ef:72:dc:80:b6:f2:b4:6d:7d (RSA)
    |_ 256 3c:14:e2:79:f4:a6:1d:78:02:73:83:99:f8:95:2c:ca (ECDSA)
    53/tcp   open  tcpwrapped
    80/tcp   open  http            lighttpd 1.4.45
    | http-auth: 
    | HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\x0D
    |_ Basic realm=RaspAP
    | http-git: 
    | 192.168.1.120:80/.git/
    | Git repository found!
    | Repository description: Unnamed repository; edit this file 'description' to name the...
    | Remotes:
    |_ https://github.com/billz/raspap-webgui
    |_http-server-header: lighttpd/1.4.45
    |_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html; charset=UTF-8).
    139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn     Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
    445/tcp  open  netbios-ssn     Samba smbd 4.5.12-Debian (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
    1080/tcp open  socks?
    4662/tcp open  edonkey?
    5002/tcp open  rfe?
    8002/tcp open  teradataordbms?
    9001/tcp open  tor-orport?
    | fingerprint-strings: 
    | FourOhFourRequest, GetRequest: 
    | HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    | Server: embed_thunder/1.5.0.0
    | Content-Length: 11
    | Connection: Close
    |_ [108545, 0]
    2 services unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprints at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service :
    ==============NEXT SERVICE FINGERPRINT (SUBMIT INDIVIDUALLY)==============
    SF-Port22-TCP:V=7.40%I=7%D=5/12%Time=5AF6E89C%P=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabih
    SF:f%r(NULL,29,"SSH-2\.0-OpenSSH_7\.4p1\x20Raspbian-10\+deb9u3\n");
    ==============NEXT SERVICE FINGERPRINT (SUBMIT INDIVIDUALLY)==============
    SF-Port9001-TCP:V=7.40%I=7%D=5/12%Time=5AF6E8A1%P=arm-unknown-linux-gnueab
    SF:ihf%r(GetRequest,64,"HTTP/1\.1\x20200\x20OK\r\nServer:\x20embed_thunder
    SF:/1\.5\.0\.0\r\nContent-Length:\x2011\r\nConnection:\x20Close\r\n\r\n\[1
    SF:08545,\x200\]")%r(FourOhFourRequest,64,"HTTP/1\.1\x20200\x20OK\r\nServe
    SF:r:\x20embed_thunder/1\.5\.0\.0\r\nContent-Length:\x2011\r\nConnection:\
    SF:x20Close\r\n\r\n\[108545,\x200\]");
    Service Info: Host: RASPBERRYPI; OS: Unix
    
    Host script results:
    |_clock-skew: mean: -1s, deviation: 0s, median: -1s
    |_nbstat: NetBIOS name: RASPBERRYPI, NetBIOS user: <unknown>, NetBIOS MAC: <unknown> (unknown)
    | smb-os-discovery: 
    | OS: Windows 6.1 (Samba 4.5.12-Debian)
    | Computer name: raspberrypi
    | NetBIOS computer name: RASPBERRYPI\x00
    | Domain name: \x00
    | FQDN: raspberrypi
    |_ System time: 2018-05-12T21:16:30+08:00
    | smb-security-mode: 
    | account_used: guest
    | authentication_level: user
    | challenge_response: supported
    |_ message_signing: disabled (dangerous, but default)
    |_smbv2-enabled: Server supports SMBv2 protocol

#### 2.4扫描web服务器的网站目录 ####

> 可带脚本扫描，脚本存放路径：(/usr/share/nmap/scripts)。目录里有各种各样的脚本。这里选择`http-enum.nse`

nmap -script http-enum.nse 192.168.1.120
    # 结果如下：
    
    Starting Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2018-05-12 13:29 UTC
    Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.120
    Host is up (0.013s latency).
    Not shown: 651 filtered ports, 346 closed ports
    PORT    STATE SERVICE
    80/tcp  open  http
    | http-enum: 
    |   /blog/: Blog
    |   /admin/: Possible admin folder
    |   /admin/index.php: Possible admin folder
    |   /Admin/: Possible admin folder
    |   /sample/: Sample scripts
    |   /icons/: Potentially interesting folder w/ directory listing
    |   /index/: Potentially interesting folder
    |_  /software/: Potentially interesting folder
    88/tcp  open  kerberos-sec
    445/tcp open  microsoft-ds

#### 2.5扫描主机SSL Heartbleed 漏洞（2012） ####

nmap -d -script ssl-heartbleed -script-args vulns.showall -sV 192.168.1.120
    # 结果不展示。

### 3.没了 ###

[Link 1]: https://nmap.org/man/zh/man-port-specification.html