HBase 常用Shell命令

一时失言乱红尘 2022-05-25 08:39 350阅读 0赞

HBase 常用Shell命令

**0、启动、关闭hbase**  
./bin/start-hbase.sh  
./bin/stop-hbase.sh

查询HBase版本  
hbase(main):010:0> version

**1、进入hbase shell console**

$HBASE\_HOME/bin/hbase shell

如果有kerberos认证，需要事先使用相应的keytab进行一下认证（使用kinit命令），认证成功之后再使用hbase shell进入

**2、可以使用whoami命令可查看当前用户**

hbase(main):001:0> whoami
    a6 (auth:SIMPLE)
        groups: staff, com.apple.sharepoint.group.1, everyone, localaccounts, _appserverusr, admin, _appserveradm, _lpadmin, com.apple.sharepoint.group.2, _appstore, _lpoperator, _developer, _analyticsusers, com.apple.access_ftp, com.apple.access_screensharing, com.apple.access_ssh-disabled

**3、表管理**

1）查看有哪些表

hbase(main):002:0> list
    TABLE
    test
    test001
    test010
    10 row(s) in 0.4870 seconds

**    2）创建表**  
\# 语法：create <table>, \{NAME => <family>, VERSIONS => <VERSIONS>\}  
\# 例如：创建表t1，有两个family name：f1，f2，且版本数均为2  
hbase(main)> create 't1',\{NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 2\},\{NAME => 'f2', VERSIONS => 2\}

hbase(main):003:0> create 't1',{NAME => 'f1', VERSIONS => 2},{NAME => 'f2', VERSIONS => 2}
    0 row(s) in 1.3840 seconds
    
    => Hbase::Table - t1

**    3）查看表结构**

\# 语法：describe <table>  
\# 例如：查看表t1的结构  
hbase(main)> describe 't1'

hbase(main):006:0> desc 't1'
    Table t1 is ENABLED
    t1
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
    {NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
    {NAME => 'f2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
    2 row(s) in 0.2250 seconds

**4）删除表**  
分两步：首先disable，然后drop  
例如：删除表t1  
hbase(main)> disable 't1'

hbase(main)> drop 't1'

hbase(main):006:0> desc 't1'
    Table t1 is ENABLED
    t1
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
    ……
    2 row(s) in 0.2250 seconds
    
    hbase(main):007:0> disable 't1'
    0 row(s) in 2.3340 seconds
    
    hbase(main):008:0> desc 't1'
    Table t1 is DISABLED
    t1
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
    ……
    2 row(s) in 0.0350 seconds
    
    hbase(main):009:0> drop 't1'
    0 row(s) in 1.3390 seconds
    
    hbase(main):010:0> desc 't1'
    
    ERROR: Unknown table t1!
    
    Here is some help for this command:
    Describe the named table. For example:
      hbase> describe 't1'
      hbase> describe 'ns1:t1'
    
    Alternatively, you can use the abbreviated 'desc' for the same thing.
      hbase> desc 't1'
      hbase> desc 'ns1:t1'

5）清空表

truncate ‘lmj\_test’

6）**表空间：**

**create\_namespace 'name'**  
**drop\_namespace 'name'**  
**列出所有表空间：list\_namespace**  
**查看表空间：describe\_namespace 'name'**

7）向hbase表插入和获取数据

使用put命令，可以插入行到一个表。它的语法如下：  
put ’<namespace:table name>’,’row1’,’<colfamily:colname>’,’<value>’  
(表空间名非必填)

put 'emp','1','personal data:name','raju'

使用get命令获取一行数据。它的语法如下：  
get ’<table name>’,’row1’  
get 'emp' , '1'

8）使用get方法读取指定列:  
hbase>get 'table name', ‘rowid’, \{COLUMN => ‘column family:column name ’\}  
get 'emp', '2', \{COLUMN=>'personal data:name'\}

**9）删除指定的数据**  
**删除一行中所有单元格。下面给出是 deleteall 命令的语法。**  
**deleteall ‘<table name>’, ‘<row>’**

使用 delete 命令，可以在一个表中删除特定单元格。 delete 命令的语法如下：  
delete ‘<table name>’, ‘<row>’, ‘<column name >’, ‘<time stamp>’

**10）修改表结构**

修改表结构必须先disable  
\# 语法：alter 't1', \{NAME => 'f1'\}, \{NAME => 'f2', METHOD => 'delete'\}  
\# 例如：修改表test1的cf的TTL为180天  
hbase(main)> disable 't1'  
hbase(main)> alter 't1',\{NAME=>'body',TTL=>'15552000'\},\{NAME=>'meta', TTL=>'15552000'\}

hbase(main)> enable 't1'

hbase(main):014:0> alter 't1',{NAME=>'body',TTL=>'15552000'},{NAME=>'meta', TTL=>'15552000'}
    Updating all regions with the new schema...
    1/1 regions updated.
    Done.
    Updating all regions with the new schema...
    1/1 regions updated.
    Done.
    0 row(s) in 3.8910 seconds
    
    hbase(main):015:0> desc 't1'
    Table t1 is ENABLED
    t1
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
    {NAME => 'body', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => '15552000 SECONDS (180 DAYS)', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLIC
    ATION_SCOPE => '0'}
    {NAME => 'f1', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
    {NAME => 'f2', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '2', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0'}
    {NAME => 'meta', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', VERSIONS => '1', IN_MEMORY => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => '15552000 SECONDS (180 DAYS)', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', REPLIC
    ATION_SCOPE => '0'}
    4 row(s) in 0.0540 seconds

**11）统计表记录数  
语法：count <table>, \{INTERVAL => intervalNum, CACHE => cacheNum\}**

INTERVAL设置多少行显示一次及对应的rowkey，默认1000；CACHE每次去取的缓存区大小，默认是10，调整该参数可提高查询速度

hbase(main):020:0> count 'User'
    3 row(s) in 0.0360 seconds
    
    => 3

**4、权限管理** **    1）分配权限**  
\# 语法 : grant <user> <permissions> <table> <column family> <column qualifier> 参数后面用逗号分隔  
\# 权限用五个字母表示： "RWXCA".  
\# READ('R'), WRITE('W'), EXEC('X'), CREATE('C'), ADMIN('A')  
\# 例如，给用户‘test'分配对表t1有读写的权限，  
hbase(main)> grant 'test','RW','t1'  
**    2）查看权限**  
\# 语法：user\_permission <table>  
\# 例如，查看表t1的权限列表  
hbase(main)> user\_permission 't1'  
**    3）收回权限**  
\# 与分配权限类似，语法：revoke <user> <table> <column family> <column qualifier>  
\# 例如，收回test用户在表t1上的权限  
hbase(main)> revoke 'test','t1'  
**5、表数据的增删改查  
    1）添加数据**  
\# 语法：put <table>,<rowkey>,<family:column>,<value>,<timestamp>  
\# 例如：给表t1的添加一行记录：rowkey是rowkey001，family name：f1，column name：col1，value：value01，timestamp：系统默认  
hbase(main)> put 't1','rowkey001','f1:col1','value01'  
用法比较单一。  
**    2）查询数据  
        a）查询某行记录**  
\# 语法：get <table>,<rowkey>,\[<family:column>,....\]  
\# 例如：查询表t1，rowkey001中的f1下的col1的值  
hbase(main)> get 't1','rowkey001', 'f1:col1'  
\# 或者：  
hbase(main)> get 't1','rowkey001', \{COLUMN=>'f1:col1'\}  
\# 查询表t1，rowke002中的f1下的所有列值  
hbase(main)> get 't1','rowkey001'  
**        b）扫描表**  
\# 语法：scan <table>, \{COLUMNS => \[ <family:column>,.... \], LIMIT => num\}  
\# 另外，还可以添加STARTROW、TIMERANGE和FITLER等高级功能  
\# 例如：扫描表t1的前5条数据  
hbase(main)> scan 't1',\{LIMIT=>5\}  
**        c）查询表中的数据行数**  
\# 语法：count <table>, \{INTERVAL => intervalNum, CACHE => cacheNum\}  
\# INTERVAL设置多少行显示一次及对应的rowkey，默认1000；CACHE每次去取的缓存区大小，默认是10，调整该参数可提高查询速度  
\# 例如，查询表t1中的行数，每100条显示一次，缓存区为500

hbase(main)> count 't1', \{INTERVAL => 100, CACHE => 500\}

d）插入数据

语法：put <table>,<rowkey>,<family:column>,<value>

hbase(main):005:0> put 'User', 'row1', 'info:name', 'xiaoming'
    0 row(s) in 0.1200 seconds
    
    hbase(main):006:0> put 'User', 'row2', 'info:age', '18'
    0 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds
    
    hbase(main):007:0> put 'User', 'row3', 'info:sex', 'man'
    0 row(s) in 0.0030 seconds

e）范围查询

hbase(main):011:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2'}
    ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
     row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
     row3                                   column=info:sex, timestamp=1502368093636, value=man
    2 row(s) in 0.0170 seconds
    hbase(main):012:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2', ENDROW => 'row2'}
    ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
     row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
    1 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds
    
    hbase(main):013:0> scan 'User', {STARTROW => 'row2', ENDROW => 'row3'}
    ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL
     row2                                   column=info:age, timestamp=1502368069926, value=18
    1 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds

**3）删除数据** **    a)删除行中的某个列值**  
\# 语法：delete <table>, <rowkey>,  <family:column> , <timestamp>,必须指定列名  
\# 例如：删除表t1，rowkey001中的f1:col1的数据  
hbase(main)> delete 't1','rowkey001','f1:col1'  
注：将删除改行f1:col1列所有版本的数据  
**    b)删除行**  
\# 语法：deleteall <table>, <rowkey>,  <family:column> , <timestamp>，可以不指定列名，删除整行数据  
\# 例如：删除表t1，rowk001的数据  
hbase(main)> deleteall 't1','rowkey001'  
**   c）删除表中的所有数据**  
\# 语法： truncate <table>  
\# 其具体过程是：disable table -> drop table -> create table  
\# 例如：删除表t1的所有数据  
hbase(main)> truncate 't1'  
**6、Region管理  
    1）移动region**  
\# 语法：move 'encodeRegionName', 'ServerName'  
\# encodeRegionName指的regioName后面的编码，ServerName指的是master-status的Region Servers列表  
\# 示例  
hbase(main)>move '4343995a58be8e5bbc739af1e91cd72d', 'db-41.xxx.xxx.org,60020,1390274516739'  
**    2）开启/关闭region**  
\# 语法：balance\_switch true|false  
hbase(main)> balance\_switch  
**    3）手动split**  
\# 语法：split 'regionName', 'splitKey'  
**    4）手动触发major compaction**  
\#语法：  
\#Compact all regions in a table:  
\#hbase> major\_compact 't1'  
\#Compact an entire region:  
\#hbase> major\_compact 'r1'  
\#Compact a single column family within a region:  
\#hbase> major\_compact 'r1', 'c1'  
\#Compact a single column family within a table:  
\#hbase> major\_compact 't1', 'c1'  
**7、配置管理及节点重启  
    1）修改hdfs配置**  
hdfs配置位置：/etc/hadoop/conf  
\# 同步hdfs配置  
cat /home/hadoop/slaves|xargs -i -t scp /etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml hadoop@\{\}:/etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml  
\#关闭：  
cat /home/hadoop/slaves|xargs -i -t ssh hadoop@\{\} "sudo /home/hadoop/cdh4/hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.2.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config /etc/hadoop/conf stop datanode"  
\#启动：  
cat /home/hadoop/slaves|xargs -i -t ssh hadoop@\{\} "sudo /home/hadoop/cdh4/hadoop-2.0.0-cdh4.2.1/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config /etc/hadoop/conf start datanode"  
**    2）修改hbase配置**  
hbase配置位置：  
**    \# 同步hbase配置**  
cat /home/hadoop/hbase/conf/regionservers|xargs -i -t scp /home/hadoop/hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml hadoop@\{\}:/home/hadoop/hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml  
**    \# graceful重启**  
cd ~/hbase

bin/graceful\_stop.sh --restart --reload --debug inspurXXX.xxx.xxx.org