Docker(三)----Dockerfile搭建Nginx环境与文件挂载

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-05-24 11:58 250阅读 0赞

**1.Dockerfile文件**

# This my first nginx Dockerfile
    # Version 1.0
    
    # Base images 基础镜像
    FROM centos:centos7
    
    #MAINTAINER 维护者信息
    MAINTAINER fendo 2312892206@qq.com
    
    #ADD  获取url中的文件,放在当前目录下
    ADD http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz .
    
    #RUN 执行以下命令 
    RUN yum install -y pcre-devel wget net-tools gcc zlib zlib-devel make openssl-devel
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    RUN tar -zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
    RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx
    RUN cd nginx-1.14.0 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
    RUN ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
    
    #EXPOSE 映射端口
    EXPOSE 80
    
    #CMD 运行以下命令
    CMD ["nginx"]

**2、执行构建镜像命令**

[root@swarm01 docker]# docker build --rm --tag centos_nginx:centos7 .

![20180526191559307][]

**3、查看镜像是否安装构建成功 **

[root@swarm01 docker]# docker images

![20180526191634695][]

**4、启动容器**

可以通过以下两种方式启动容器:

不挂载文件:
    docker run -i -t -d -p 192.168.182.110:80:80 centos_nginx /bin/bash
    
    挂载文件:
    docker run \
    --name centos_nginx \
    -d -p 80:80 \
    -v /home/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
    -v /home/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
    -v /home/nginx/nginx.conf:/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf:ro \
    -v /home/nginx/conf.d:/usr/local/nginx/conf.d \
    nginx

注意:

(1)第一个"-v",是项目位置,把项目放到挂载到的目录下即可；  
(2)第二个"-v",是挂载的主配置文件"nginx.conf",注意"nginx.conf"文件内有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/\*.conf;"，这个include指向了子配置文件的路径，此处注意include后所跟的路径一定不要出错。  
(3)第三个"-v",把docker内子配置文件的路径也挂载了出来,注意要与(2)中include指向路径一致

(4)重点强调一下,nginx.conf是挂载了一个文件(docker是不推荐这样用的),conf.d挂载的是一个目录

启动成功之后如下:

![201805261923110][]

**5.在系统中创建Nginx配置文件**

通过上面的命令启动之后，会在/home/nginx目录下多出以下文件

![20180526192517316][]

这些文件就是与Docker容器共享的配置文件，在nginx.conf目录下创建Nginx配置文件nginx.conf,内容如下:

user  root;  
    worker_processes  1;  
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;  
    pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;  
      
    events {  
        worker_connections  1024;  
    }  
      
    http {  
        include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;  
        default_type  application/octet-stream;  
      
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '  
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '  
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';  
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;  
      
        sendfile        on;  
        #tcp_nopush     on;  
      
        keepalive_timeout  65;  
        autoindex  on;  
        #gzip  on;  
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;  
        client_max_body_size 100M;  
        client_header_buffer_size    128k;  
        large_client_header_buffers  4  128k;  
    }

然后在conf.d目录下创建default.conf文件，内容如下:

server {  
        listen       80;  
        server_name  localhost;  
      
        #charset koi8-r;  
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;  
      
        location / {  
            root   /home/nginx/html/fendo;  
            index  index.html index.htm;  
            autoindex  on;  
            try_files $uri /index/index/page.html;  
            #try_files $uri /index/map/page.html;  
        }  
      
        #error_page  404              /404.html;  
      
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  
        #  
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;  
        location = /50x.html {  
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;  
        }  
      
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80  
        #  
        #location ~ \.php$ {  
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;  
        #}  
      
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000  
        #  
        #location ~ \.php$ {  
        #    root           html;  
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;  
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;  
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;  
        #    include        fastcgi_params;  
        #}  
      
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root  
        # concurs with nginx's one  
        #  
        #location ~ /\.ht {  
        #    deny  all;  
        #}  
    }

然后在/home/nginx/fendo目录下创建Index.html文件,内容为:

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Welcome to nginx! This is a demo!</title>
    <style>
        body {
            width: 35em;
            margin: 0 auto;
            font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
        }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>*********************************** Welcome to nginx! Fendo ***********************************</h1>
    <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
    working. Further configuration is required.</p>
    
    <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
    <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
    Commercial support is available at
    <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
    
    <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
    </body>
    </html>

修改好之后，重启下Nginx

[root@swarm01 conf.d]# docker restart centos_nginx
    centos_nginx

**6.测试Nginx**

访问http://192.168.182.110/fendo/效果如下:

![20180526193221764][]

**7.一些错误**

7.1、访问 curl http://192.168.182.110/fendo/出现拒绝连接,解决方法就是进入容器 docker exec -i -t centos\_nginx /bin/sh接着在容器里面执行（直接输入即可）nginx 启动Nginx。

7.2、如过挂载Nginx文件时报错，基本就是路径的问题。

unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type

[20180526191559307]: /images/20220524/9d3e342a2c864b74bff4cb7b39fec358.png
[20180526191634695]: /images/20220524/90c472a8b32a443b8f0af3b95edbd285.png
[201805261923110]: /images/20220524/449e1dce34f94b358cc0bff24fb39fed.png
[20180526192517316]: /images/20220524/c03386ab465746a0ba8adb1bfa3ff2d2.png
[20180526193221764]: /images/20220524/ccbce95c40b949f4bc139ccf22f246df.png