javaSwing实现对话框（消息，确定，输入，颜色，自定义对话框）

妖狐艹你老母 2022-05-24 06:52 369阅读 0赞

### 消息对话框 ###

使用JOptionPane中的方法

public static void showMessageDialog(Component parentComponent,String message,String titles, int messageType)

参数parentComponent为null，对话框会在屏幕的正前方显示，如果组件parentComponent不为空，对话框会在组件parentComponent正前方显示；message是对话框上显示的内容。title为对话框的标题。messageType是对话框的类型，是长量，其中对话框有以下类型：  
INFORMATION\_MESSAGE  
WARNING\_MESSAGE  
ERROR\_MESSAGE  
QUESTION\_MESSAGE  
PLAIN\_MESSAGE  
下面是实例。输入字符，如果是英文字母，则在右边文本框显示，如果不是，则弹出消息对话框提示警告

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    
    public class showMessageDialog extends JFrame { 
        JTextField inputText;
        JTextArea showText;
        String regex="[a-zA-Z]+";
    
        showMessageDialog(){
            setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            inputText=new JTextField(10);
            showText=new JTextArea(9,20);
            inputText.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    String str=inputText.getText();
                    if(str.matches(regex)){
                        showText.append(str+",");
                    }else {
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(showMessageDialog.this,"输入非法字符","消息对话框",JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
                    }
                }
            });
    
            add(inputText,BorderLayout.EAST);
            add(showText,BorderLayout.CENTER);
            setVisible(true);
            setBounds(100,100,400,200);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            showMessageDialog showMessageDialog=new showMessageDialog();
        }
    }

效果为：  
![这里写图片描述][70]

### 输入对话框 ###

确认按钮输入框会返回用户在对话框的文本框中输入的字符串，否则返回null

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    public class WindowInput extends JFrame implements ActionListener { 
        JTextArea jTextArea;
        JButton jButton;
        WindowInput(){
            setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            jTextArea=new JTextArea(9,20);
            jButton=new JButton("弹出输入对话框");
            setVisible(true);
            add(jButton,BorderLayout.NORTH);
            add(new JScrollPane(jTextArea),BorderLayout.CENTER);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            jButton.addActionListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String str=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(WindowInput.this,"输入数字,用空格分割","输入对话框",JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
            if(str!=null){
                Scanner scanner=new Scanner(str);
                double sum=0;
                int k=0;
                while(scanner.hasNext()){
                    double number=scanner.nextDouble();
                    if(k==0){
                        jTextArea.append(""+number);
                    }else{
                        jTextArea.append("+"+number);
                    }
                    sum+=number;
                    k++;
                }
                jTextArea.append("="+sum+"\n");
            }
    
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            WindowInput input=new WindowInput();
            input.setBounds(100,100,400,400);
        }
    }

效果图：  
![这里写图片描述][70 1]

### 确认对话框 ###

optionType有以下几种类型：  
YES\_NO\_OPTION:对话框上有yes和no显示  
YES\_NO\_CANCEL\_OPTION  
OK\_CANCEL\_OPTION

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    
    public class confirmDialog extends JFrame { 
        JTextField inputText;
        JTextArea save;
    
        confirmDialog(){
            setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            inputText=new JTextField(10);
            save=new JTextArea(9,20);
            setVisible(true);
            setBounds(100,100,400,400);
            inputText.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    String s=inputText.getText();
                    int r=JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(confirmDialog.this,"确认是否正确","confirmDialog",JOptionPane.YES_NO_CANCEL_OPTION);
                    if(r==JOptionPane.YES_OPTION){
                        save.append("\n"+s);
                    }else{
                        save.append(null);
                    }
                }
            });
    
            add(inputText,BorderLayout.NORTH);
            add(save,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    
            setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            confirmDialog confirmDialog=new confirmDialog();
        }
    }

效果图：  
![这里写图片描述][70 2]

### 颜色对话框 ###

JColorChooser中的静态方法：

public static Color showDialog(Component component,String title,Color initialColor)

initialColor指定颜色对话框返回初始颜色。点击确定，showDialog()方法返回对话框所选择的颜色；点击撤销或关闭，颜色对话框消失，返回null

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    
    public class colorDialog extends JFrame { 
        JButton jButton;
    
        colorDialog(){
            setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            jButton=new JButton("选择颜色");
            add(jButton,BorderLayout.CENTER);
            setVisible(true);
            jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    Color color=JColorChooser.showDialog(colorDialog.this,"调色板",getContentPane().getBackground());
                    if(color!=null){
                        getContentPane().setBackground(color);
                    }
                }
            });
            setBounds(100,100,400,400);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            colorDialog colorDialog=new colorDialog();
        }
    }

效果图：  
![这里写图片描述][70 3]  
![70 4][]  
![这里写图片描述][70 5]

### 自定义对话框 ###

通过建立JDialog的子类来建立一个对话框，这个类的子类即是一个对话框，对话框是一个容器，默认布局是BorderLayout，对话框可以添加组件。对话框可见时，默认被系统添加到显示屏幕上，因此不允许把一个对话框添加到另一个容器里。

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    
    public class WindowDialog extends JDialog { 
        JTextField inputText;
        String Title;
    
        @Override
        public String getTitle() {
            return Title;
        }
    
        public WindowDialog(Frame owner, String title) {
            super(owner, title);
            setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            inputText=new JTextField(10);
            inputText.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    Title=inputText.getText();
                    setVisible(false);
                }
            });
            add(new JLabel("输入窗口的新标题"));
            setVisible(true);
            add(inputText);
            setBounds(100,100,200,200);
            setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    //注意对话框关闭方式，不能是EXIT,否则报错：
    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: defaultCloseOperation must be one of: DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE, HIDE_ON_CLOSE, or DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE
    }

import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    
    public class Window extends JFrame { 
        JButton jButton;
        WindowDialog windowDialog;
        Window(){
            setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            jButton=new JButton("对话框");
            windowDialog=new WindowDialog(this,"dialog");
            windowDialog.setModal(true);
            add(jButton,BorderLayout.CENTER);
            setVisible(true);
            jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    windowDialog.setVisible(true);
                    String str=windowDialog.getTitle();
                    setTitle(str);
                }
            });
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Window window=new Window();
            window.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        }
    }

[70]: /images/20220524/efdfb0351fa04e20b46a88d4714fa3d8.png
[70 1]: /images/20220524/b9a5b961a659413c9dd0bffbce67fe3a.png
[70 2]: /images/20220524/fad31d47dcf14222b0e8e15c6fc932a5.png
[70 3]: /images/20220524/f15330ab6f2f4917a993de31e056fe33.png
[70 4]: /images/20220524/295d4eb4f61a426cb86bbd40788b0535.png
[70 5]: /images/20220524/cbab7fbd59dc4e0d918865dd2509c69d.png