Centos7 Apache配置虚拟主机的三种方式

朱雀 2022-05-22 09:45 209阅读 0赞

#### 一、虚机主机的三种方式 ####

1、基于IP

2、基于IP+端口

3、基于域名

官网文档：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/

#### 二、安装Apache ####

1、系统环境

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
    [root@localhost ~]# ip ad
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
           valid_lft 1388sec preferred_lft 1388sec
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2、yum安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd
    *****
    ======================================================================================================================================================
     Package                             架构                           版本                                           源                            大小
    ======================================================================================================================================================
    正在安装:
     httpd                               x86_64                         2.4.6-80.el7.centos                            base                         2.7 M
    为依赖而安装:
     apr                                 x86_64                         1.4.8-3.el7_4.1                                base                         103 k
     apr-util                            x86_64                         1.5.2-6.el7                                    base                          92 k
     httpd-tools                         x86_64                         2.4.6-80.el7.centos                            base                          89 k
     mailcap                             noarch                         2.1.41-2.el7                                   base                          31 k
    ***
    已安装:
      httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos                                                                                                                  
    
    作为依赖被安装:
      apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1     apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7     httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos     mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7    
    
    完毕！

可以查看安装了内容

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql httpd | less

3、配置Selinux文件，SELINUX=disabled。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

或者临时关闭

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

4、关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
    Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

5、启动httpd服务，访问测试

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd

![70][]

#### 三、修改主配置文件 ####

1、查看apache主配置文件，确保存在以下配置，因为等下需要在conf.d/创建虚机主机配置。

[root@localhost ~]# vim  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

IncludeOptional conf.d/\*.conf

2、另外，把 Require all denied默认拒绝访问设置为允许访问： Require all granted，方便测试。

<Directory />  
    AllowOverride none  
\#  Require all denied  
    Require all granted  
</Directory>

#### 四、新增虚拟主机配置文件 ####

##### 1、添加基于多个IP的虚拟主机 #####

1）创建配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
    [root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:80>  
        ServerName a.com  
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"    \#网页路径  
</VirtualHost>  
  
<VirtualHost 192.168.253.129:80>  
        ServerName b.com  
        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"    \#网页路径  
</VirtualHost>

2）网卡绑定多个IP（我的网卡名是eno16777736，不是eth0）

[root@localhost conf.d]# ip addr add 192.168.253.129 dev eno16777736
    [root@localhost conf.d]# ip add
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:5c:ff:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.253.128/24 brd 192.168.253.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
           valid_lft 1542sec preferred_lft 1542sec
        inet 192.168.253.129/32 scope global eno16777736
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5c:ff91/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面

[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>

4）检查配置文件是否正常

[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
    AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
    Syntax OK

5）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

6）打开浏览器，查看结果

![70 1][]

![70 2][]

##### 2、配置基于IP+端口的虚拟主机 #####

1）创建配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
    [root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:80>  
        ServerName a.com  
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"  
</VirtualHost>  
  
<VirtualHost 192.168.253.128:8080>  
        ServerName b.com  
        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"  
</VirtualHost>

2）修改httpd主配置文件，在Listen 80下面添加一行监控8080端口

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Listen 8080

3）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）

[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>

4）检查配置文件

5）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

6）打开浏览器，查看结果

![70 3][]

![70 4][]

##### 3、基于域名的虚拟主机 #####

1）创建配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
    [root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

<VirtualHost \*:80>  
        ServerName a.com  
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"  
</VirtualHost>  
  
<VirtualHost \*:80>  
        ServerName b.com  
        DocumentRoot "/www/b.com/"  
</VirtualHost>

2）修改物理主机hosts文件（C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc），因为这里是因为物理机去访问Apache服务器

添加：

192.168.253.128a.com

192.168.253.128 b.com

3）物理主机ping域名测试

![70 5][]

4）创建虚机主机a.com和b.com的主页面（如果前面已经创建就不用重复）

[root@localhost conf.d]# mkdir -pv /www/{a.com,b.com}
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www"
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/a.com"
    mkdir: 已创建目录 "/www/b.com"

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/a.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,a.com</h1>

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /www/b.com/index.html

<h1>Hello,b.com</h1>

5）检查配置文件

6）重启httpd服务

[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

7）打开浏览器，查看结果

![70 6][]

![70 7][]

#### 五、扩展虚机主机配置文件 ####

1、先修改回apache主配置文件，设置 Require all denied默认拒绝访问

<Directory />  
    AllowOverride none  
    Require all denied

</Directory>

这时候再去访问以上的三种配置虚机主机，会全部访问不了。因此需要针对虚机目录设置访问权限。

2、修改虚拟主机配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
    [root@localhost conf.d]# vim virtual.conf

<VirtualHost \*:80>  
        \#绑定的主域  
        ServerName a.com  
        \#绑定的子域名  
        ServerAlias www.test.com  
        \#网站主目录  
        DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"  
        \#错误日志目录  
        ErrorLog  "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"  
        \#访问日志目录  
       CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"  
<Directory "www/a.com/">  
        Options FollowSymLinks  
        AllowOverride All  
        \#允许任意访问  
        Require all granted  
</Directory>  
</VirtualHost>

3、创建日志目录

[root@localhost b.com]# cd /var/log/httpd/
    [root@localhost httpd]# mkdir a.com
    [root@localhost httpd]# ll
    总用量 60
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 37976 1月  23 22:26 access_log
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     6 1月  23 22:41 a.com
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17795 1月  23 22:38 error_log
    [root@localhost httpd]# cd a.com/
    [root@localhost a.com]# touch error.log
    [root@localhost a.com]# touch access.log

日志目录记得更改属主和属组为Apache，否则httpd启动失败

[root@localhost httpd]# chown -R apache:apache a.com/

4、配置指定IP可以访问虚拟主机（可以单个IP，也可以是一个网段）

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
            #绑定的主域
            ServerName a.com
            #绑定的子域名
            ServerAlias www.test.com
            #网站主目录
            DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
            #错误日志目录
            ErrorLog  "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
            #访问日志目录
           CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
    <Directory "www/a.com/">
            Options FollowSymLinks
            AllowOverride All
            #允许任意访问
            Require ip 192.168.253.0/24
    </Directory>

5、配置指定用户可以访问虚拟主机

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtual.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
            #绑定的主域
            ServerName a.com
            #绑定的子域名
            ServerAlias www.test.com
            #网站主目录
            DocumentRoot "/www/a.com/"
            #错误日志目录
            ErrorLog  "/var/log/httpd/a.com/error.log"
            #访问日志目录
            CustomLog "/va/log/httpd/a.com.access.log"
    <Directory "www/a.com/">
            Options FollowSymLinks
            AllowOverride authconfig
            AuthType basic
            AuthName "Restrict area"
            AuthUserFile "etc/httpd/.htpasswd"
            Require valid-user
    </Directory>

创建用户文件，第一次创建的时候要加-c，以后创建都不用加-c，否则会覆盖原数据

[root@localhost conf.d]# pwd
    /etc/httpd/conf.d
    [root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -h
    htpasswd: illegal option -- h
    Usage:
    	htpasswd [-cimBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username
    	htpasswd -b[cmBdpsDv] [-C cost] passwordfile username password
    
    	htpasswd -n[imBdps] [-C cost] username
    	htpasswd -nb[mBdps] [-C cost] username password
     -c  Create a new file.
     -n  Don't update file; display results on stdout.
     -b  Use the password from the command line rather than prompting for it.
     -i  Read password from stdin without verification (for script usage).
     -m  Force MD5 encryption of the password (default).
     -B  Force bcrypt encryption of the password (very secure).
     -C  Set the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm
         (higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).
     -d  Force CRYPT encryption of the password (8 chars max, insecure).
     -s  Force SHA encryption of the password (insecure).
     -p  Do not encrypt the password (plaintext, insecure).
     -D  Delete the specified user.
     -v  Verify password for the specified user.
    On other systems than Windows and NetWare the '-p' flag will probably not work.
    The SHA algorithm does not use a salt and is less secure than the MD5 algorithm.
    [root@localhost conf.d]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd/.htpasswd tom
    New password: 
    Re-type new password: 
    Adding password for user tom

重启httpd服务

在浏览器测试登录

![70 8][]

![70 9][]

6、Require参考

Require all granted  
无条件允许访问。  
Require all denied  
访问被无条件拒绝。  
Require env env-var \[env-var\] ...  
只有在给定的环境变量之一被设置的情况下才允许访问。  
Require method http-method \[http-method\] ...  
只有给定的HTTP方法才允许访问。  
Require expr expression  
如果表达式计算结果为true，则允许访问。  
Require user userid \[userid\] ...  
只有指定的用户才能访问资源。  
Require group group-name \[group-name\] ...  
只有指定组中的用户才能访问资源。  
Require valid-user  
所有有效的用户都可以访问资源。  
Require ip 10 172.20 192.168.2  
指定IP地址范围内的客户端可以访问资源。

7、Options

None:不支持任何选项

Indexes：允许索引目录

FollowSymLinks：允许访问符号链接指向的原文件

Includes：允许执行服务端包含（SSI）

ExecCGI：允许允许CGI脚本

ALL：支持所有选项

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