python脚本发邮件

r囧r小猫 2022-05-22 08:13 338阅读 0赞

(参考：[SMPT发送邮件][SMPT])

SMTP是发送邮件的协议，Python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块，email负责构造邮件，smtplib负责发送邮件。

这里我以qq邮箱为例，先附上代码：

#coding: utf-8  
    import smtplib
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.header import Header
    from email import encoders
    from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
    from email.Utils import COMMASPACE,formatdate
    
    
    def _format_addr(s):
        name, addr = parseaddr(s)
        return formataddr(( \
            Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), \
            addr.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(addr, unicode) else addr))
    
    sender = '******@qq.com'
    receiver = '******@qq.com'
    subject = 'python email test'
    smtpserver = 'smtp.qq.com'
    username = '******@qq.com'
    password = '*******'
    
    msg = MIMEText('hello, send by Python...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
    msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True) 
    msg['From'] = _format_addr(u'Python爱好者 <%s>' % sender)
    msg['To'] = _format_addr(u'管理员 <%s>' % receiver)
    msg['Subject'] = Header(u'来自SMTP的问候……', 'utf-8').encode()
    
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver,465)
    smtp.connect( smtpserver )
    smtp.login( username, password )
    smtp.sendmail( sender, receiver, msg.as_string() )
    smtp.quit()

sender为发件人邮箱，receiver为收件人邮箱。smtpserver填qq邮箱服务器，发送邮件时需要开启POP3/SMTP服务。（设置方法：进入qq邮箱，设置—>账号，找到“**POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务**”模块，开启服务。）

![70][]

填入username和password后运行，出现如下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\Desktop\0619\testemail.py", line 31, in <module>
        smtp.login( username, password )
      File "D:\toolsforwork\Python27\lib\smtplib.py", line 623, in login
        raise SMTPAuthenticationError(code, resp)
    smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError: (535, 'Error: \xc7\xeb\xca\xb9\xd3\xc3\xca\xda\xc8\xa8\xc2\xeb\xb5\xc7\xc2\xbc\xa1\xa3\xcf\xea\xc7\xe9\xc7\xeb\xbf\xb4: http://service.mail.qq.com/cgi-bin/help?subtype=1&&id=28&&no=1001256')
    [Finished in 2.1s with exit code 1]

解决办法：点击上面开启POP3/SMTP服务页面的“生成授权码”，按要求操作成功后会得到一个16位的授权码，该授权码即为password。（上述代码中“\*\*\*\*\*\*”处填入自己对应的信息即可，亲测有效。）

注：

（1）脚本别命名为email.py，否则会出错，具体参考：[python 发送邮件及ImportError: No module named mime.text处理][python _ImportError_ No module named mime.text]

（2）参考的教程中smtp为：smtplib.SMTP(smtp\_server, 25)，但我试了出现如下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\Desktop\0619\testemail.py", line 30, in <module>
        smtp.connect( smtpserver )
      File "D:\toolsforwork\Python27\lib\smtplib.py", line 318, in connect
        (code, msg) = self.getreply()
      File "D:\toolsforwork\Python27\lib\smtplib.py", line 369, in getreply
        raise SMTPServerDisconnected("Connection unexpectedly closed")
    smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: Connection unexpectedly closed
    [Finished in 60.3s with exit code 1]

改成下面这个就成功了。（QQ邮箱SMTP服务器地址：smtp.qq.com，ssl端口：465）

smtp = smtplib.SMTP\_SSL(smtpserver,465)

[SMPT]: https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/001374738125095c955c1e6d8bb493182103fac9270762a000/001386832745198026a685614e7462fb57dbf733cc9f3ad000
[70]: /images/20220522/d9d23dca32304742ac6d37841da00369.png
[python _ImportError_ No module named mime.text]: https://blog.csdn.net/spring292713/article/details/45077649