教你如何监控网站URL是否正常

水深无声 2022-05-22 07:12 459阅读 0赞

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监控网站URL是否正常最常见的方法莫过于wget和curl命令了，这两个命令都是非常强大的，强大到网友查看帮助都无从选择的地步了。

## 1.1  wget命令 ##

wget命令的参数非常多，至少也有数十个， 但是运维工作中常用的并不多，老男孩老师把最有用的列表如下。

<table> 
 <tbody style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:1.33px;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background:rgb(217,217,217);">wget命令</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:1.33px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background:rgb(217,217,217);">下载网页或文件</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">--spider</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">模拟爬虫的行为去访问网站，但不会下载网页</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-q,&nbsp; &nbsp; --quiet</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">安静的访问，禁止输出，类似-o /dev/null功能</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-o,&nbsp; &nbsp; --output-file=FILE</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">记录输出到文件</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-T,&nbsp; &nbsp; --timeout=SECONDS</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">访问网站的超时时间</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-t,&nbsp; &nbsp; --tries=NUMBER</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">当网站异常时重试网站的次数</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

实际监控方法如下：**利用wget命令返回值确定网站是否正常**

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# wget --spider -T 5 -q -t 2 www.oldboyedu.com

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# echo $?** \#<==****利用返回值确定网站是否正常。**

## 1.2  curl命令 ##

curl命令的参数比wget的参数还多，但运维中常用的参数也并不多，因此也是列表如下：

<table> 
 <tbody style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:1.33px;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background:rgb(217,217,217);">curl命令</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:1.33px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background:rgb(217,217,217);">访问网站url</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-I/--head</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">显示响应头信息</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-m/--max-time &lt;seconds&gt;</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">访问超时的时间</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-o/--output &lt;file&gt;</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">记录访问信息到文件</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-s/--silent</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">沉默模式访问，就是不输出信息</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="max-width:100%;"> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px;border-top-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">-w/--write-out &lt;format&gt;</td> 
 <td style="padding:0px 7px;border-width:0px 1.33px 1.33px 0px;border-top-style:none;border-left-style:none;border-color:rgb(0,0,0);max-width:100%;background-color:transparent;">以固定特殊的格式输出，例如：%{http_code}，输出状态码</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

实际监控方法如下：

1、利用curl命令返回值确定网站是否正常

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# curl -s -o /dev/null www.oldboyedu.com

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# echo $?

2、获取命令执行后的状态码（200表示正常）

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# curl -I -m 5 -s -w "%\{http\_code\}\\n" -o /dev/null  www.baidu.com

200

## 1.3 开发Shell脚本实现监控指定的URL是否正常 ##

解答：

方法1：

\#!/bin/sh

function usage() \{     \#<==帮助函数

echo $"usage:$0 url"

exit 1

function check\_url() \{ \#<==检测URL函数。

**wget --spider -q -o /dev/null --tries=1 -T 5 $1**

\#<==采用wget返回值方法，这里的$1就是函数传参。

\#curl -s -o /dev/null $1 \#<==采用curl返回值方法也是可以的。

if \[ $? -eq 0 \]

then

echo "$1 is yes."

exit 0

else

echo "$1 is fail."

exit 1

function main() \{   \#<==主函数。

if \[ $\# -ne 1 \]   \#<==如果传入的多个参数，则打印帮助函数，提示用户。

then

usage

check\_url $1     \#<==接收函数的传参，即把结尾的$\*传到这里。

main $\*            \#<==这里的$\*就是把命令行接收的所有参数作为函数参数传给函数内部，常用手法。

实践结果：

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# sh checkurl.sh www.oldboyedu.com

www.oldboyedu.com is ok

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# sh checkurl.sh www.baidu.com

www.baidu.com is ok

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# sh checkurl.sh 10.0.0.8

10.0.0.8 is fail

方法2：

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# cat checkurl1.sh

\#!/bin/bash

\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#

\# File Name: checkurl.sh

\# Version: V1.0

\# Author: oldboy

\# Organization: www.oldboyedu.com

\# Created Time : 2018-06-07 18:29:19

\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#

usage()\{

echo "Usage:$0 url"

exit 1

checkurl()\{

**    local num=\`curl -I -m 5 -s -w "%\{http\_code\}\\n" -o /dev/null|grep 200|wc -l\`**

**    if \[ $num -eq 1 \] \#<==****采用获取状态码，并转为数字的方式判断，如果301认为正确也可以加上egrep过滤。**

then

echo "$1 is ok"

else

echo "$1 is fail"

main()\{

if \[ $\# -ne 1 \]

then

usage

checkurl $1

main $\*

实践结果：

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# sh checkurl.sh www.oldboyedu.com

www.oldboyedu.com is ok

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# sh checkurl.sh www.baidu.com

www.baidu.com is ok

\[root@oldboy ~\]\# sh checkurl.sh 10.0.0.8

10.0.0.8 is fail

如果网友能读懂本文，相信以后再写监控网站URL的脚本就会很轻松了。

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