BTC　安装和使用笔记

迈不过友情╰ 2022-05-22 04:14 264阅读 0赞

BTC的官方网站: http://bitcoin.org

参考:   [https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-examples][https_bitcoin.org_en_developer-examples]

1.安装. 过程如下:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install bitcoind
    update
    sudo apt-get install bitcoind

2. 配置:

mkdir -p ~/.bitcoin
    touch ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
    vim ~/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
    
    server=1   (是否是server)
    daemon=1   ( 是否是独立进程, 守护进程 )
    
    # If run on the test network instead of the real bitcoin network
    # testnet=0    # 这里设置成为1,就是 测试网络.
    
    # You must set rpcuser and rpcpassword to secure the JSON-RPC api
    # Please make rpcpassword to something secure, `5gKAgrJv8CQr2CGUhjVbBFLSj29HnE6YGXvfykHJzS3k` for example.
    # Listen for JSON-RPC connections on  (default: 8332 or testnet: 18332)
    rpcuser=godmode　　　（rpc 用户名）
    rpcpassword=?????   (密码）　
    rpcport=8332  （端口）　
    
    ( 这个应该是用于通知，不是太明白）
    walletnotify=/usr/local/sbin/rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=peatio.deposit.coin payload='{"txid":"%s", "channel_key":"satoshi"}'
    # 数据要保存到这里．
    datadir=/opt/btc_data

server=1   (是否是server)
    daemon=1   ( 是否是独立进程, 守护进程 )
    
    # If run on the test network instead of the real bitcoin network
    # testnet=0    # 这里设置成为1,就是 测试网络.
    
    # You must set rpcuser and rpcpassword to secure the JSON-RPC api
    # Please make rpcpassword to something secure, `5gKAgrJv8CQr2CGUhjVbBFLSj29HnE6YGXvfykHJzS3k` for example.
    # Listen for JSON-RPC connections on  (default: 8332 or testnet: 18332)
    rpcuser=godmode　　　（rpc 用户名）
    rpcpassword=?????   (密码）　
    rpcport=8332  （端口）　
    
    ( 这个应该是用于通知，不是太明白）
    walletnotify=/usr/local/sbin/rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=peatio.deposit.coin payload='{"txid":"%s", "channel_key":"satoshi"}'
    # 数据要保存到这里．
    datadir=/opt/btc_data

3. 开始在开发网络上做一些事情．　（注意，不是测试网络．测试网络的数据也很大的．．．直接用　-regtest　在本机搞）

sudo bitcoind -conf=/home/shensiwei/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf -regtest

bitcoin-cli -regtest generate 101

这个会生成　　101个区块.   会在创世区块中,生成50个 BTC. 需要100次确认. 所以,我们要生成 101个.这样就把BTC拿到手了 .

4. 查询余额

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest getbalance  
50.00000000

转账

1. 创建个新地址

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest getnewaddress   
2MyKRaVfMVT9nbNYAA62Z8s6mT99pg5xLbg  
NEWADDRESS=2MyKRaVfMVT9nbNYAA62Z8s6mT99pg5xLbg

2. 转账

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest sendtoaddress $NEWADDRESS 10.00  
0e688c4ea859ca424a6f69124cd41d3fe323bc3dafe36ecf7e53334b449ebdd3 (返回的这个,是交易号)

这里是给新的地址转 10元.

运行下面两个命令,可以看到:  utxo:

UTXO: unspend transaction output.  未花费的交易输出 (这个概念很重要. )

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest listunspent    ( 这里显示是空数组,比特币默认显示 确认过的 UTXO ) 
    [
    ]
    
     
    $ bitcoin-cli -regtest listunspent 0   ( 这里显示 没有被确认过的, 所有的 UTXO) 
    [
      {
        "txid": "0e688c4ea859ca424a6f69124cd41d3fe323bc3dafe36ecf7e53334b449ebdd3",
        "vout": 0,
        "address": "2MyKRaVfMVT9nbNYAA62Z8s6mT99pg5xLbg",
        "account": "",
        "redeemScript": "0014d044221fbbf105311133a4120f2fa883d3d9e142",
        "scriptPubKey": "a914429c17e03e0802f2392737f94380cd21d00b8d9887",
        "amount": 10.00000000,
        "confirmations": 0,
        "spendable": true,
        "solvable": true,
        "safe": true
      },
      {
        "txid": "0e688c4ea859ca424a6f69124cd41d3fe323bc3dafe36ecf7e53334b449ebdd3",
        "vout": 1,
        "address": "2MznuAx55TrVtoTkYdEbpdxysZvJ6DTUedN",
        "redeemScript": "0014d8bf59ee939621cf90ebe91b29f7d2cb6659b8c2",
        "scriptPubKey": "a91452c67c001ae5c148fc4b9c50a58f1434b1c3c62687",
        "amount": 39.99996240,
        "confirmations": 0,
        "spendable": true,
        "solvable": true,
        "safe": true
      }
    ]
    
    bitcoin-cli -regtest listunspent    ( 这里显示是空数组,比特币默认显示 确认过的 UTXO ) 
    [
    ]
    
     
    $ bitcoin-cli -regtest listunspent 0   ( 这里显示 没有被确认过的, 所有的 UTXO) 
    [
      {
        "txid": "0e688c4ea859ca424a6f69124cd41d3fe323bc3dafe36ecf7e53334b449ebdd3",
        "vout": 0,
        "address": "2MyKRaVfMVT9nbNYAA62Z8s6mT99pg5xLbg",
        "account": "",
        "redeemScript": "0014d044221fbbf105311133a4120f2fa883d3d9e142",
        "scriptPubKey": "a914429c17e03e0802f2392737f94380cd21d00b8d9887",
        "amount": 10.00000000,
        "confirmations": 0,
        "spendable": true,
        "solvable": true,
        "safe": true
      },
      {
        "txid": "0e688c4ea859ca424a6f69124cd41d3fe323bc3dafe36ecf7e53334b449ebdd3",
        "vout": 1,
        "address": "2MznuAx55TrVtoTkYdEbpdxysZvJ6DTUedN",
        "redeemScript": "0014d8bf59ee939621cf90ebe91b29f7d2cb6659b8c2",
        "scriptPubKey": "a91452c67c001ae5c148fc4b9c50a58f1434b1c3c62687",
        "amount": 39.99996240,
        "confirmations": 0,
        "spendable": true,
        "solvable": true,
        "safe": true
      }
    ]

如果这个时候,我们再生成一个block :  bitcoin-cli -regtest generate 1

然后,就会发现前面的 UTXO 都是确认过的了.(确认过一次.)  代码就不粘贴了.

然后,我们来继续交易:

## Outputs - inputs = transaction fee, so always double-check your math!
    > bitcoin-cli -regtest createrawtransaction ''' [ { "txid": "'$UTXO_TXID'", "vout": '$UTXO_VOUT' # 注意, 这里必须是 单引号, 不能在外面加上双引号, 否则会报错. missing vout key } ] ''' ''' { "'$NEW_ADDRESS'": 49.9999 }'''
    
    
    0200000001b8cf2b8c86d53d08840120c56b64be89dd81847c264ef07b2ed9f4639b76a0770000000000ffffffff01f036d0b20000000017a914223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff8700000000
    
    # 这里设置好这个变量. 
    RAW_TX=01000000017b1eabe0209b1fe794124575ef807057c77ada2138ae4[...]
    
    > bitcoin-cli -regtest createrawtransaction '''
        [
          {
            "txid": "'$UTXO_TXID'",
            "vout": '$UTXO_VOUT'  # 注意, 这里必须是 单引号, 不能在外面加上双引号, 否则会报错. missing vout key
          }
        ]
        ''' '''
        {
          "'$NEW_ADDRESS'": 49.9999
        }'''
    
    
    0200000001b8cf2b8c86d53d08840120c56b64be89dd81847c264ef07b2ed9f4639b76a0770000000000ffffffff01f036d0b20000000017a914223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff8700000000
    
    # 这里设置好这个变量. 
    RAW_TX=01000000017b1eabe0209b1fe794124575ef807057c77ada2138ae4[...]

注意: 本来你有 50个BTC, 发给别人 49.9999个的话, GAS费用就是 0.0001

如果你不准确的计算出来的话, 那么 GAS费用会高的惊人.

接下来, 我们可以通过这个命令, 来还原刚才得到的 RAW\_TX:

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest decoderawtransaction $RAW_TX
    
    {
      "txid": "138a9d28ae0827e903842fbd0b02dc39ebb506491c9ee590a9fe3651ca592261",
      "hash": "138a9d28ae0827e903842fbd0b02dc39ebb506491c9ee590a9fe3651ca592261",
      "version": 2,
      "size": 83,
      "vsize": 83,
      "locktime": 0,
      "vin": [
        {
          "txid": "77a0769b63f4d92e7bf04e267c8481dd89be646bc5200184083dd5868c2bcfb8",
          "vout": 0,
          "scriptSig": {
            "asm": "",
            "hex": ""
          },
          "sequence": 4294967295
        }
      ],
      "vout": [
        {
          "value": 49.99990000,
          "n": 0,
          "scriptPubKey": {
            "asm": "OP_HASH160 223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff OP_EQUAL",
            "hex": "a914223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff87",
            "reqSigs": 1,
            "type": "scripthash",
            "addresses": [
              "2MvNF7LQ9SRkw4vcaFRhaMCJYkYWAGceqWX"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
    
    bitcoin-cli -regtest decoderawtransaction $RAW_TX
    
    {
      "txid": "138a9d28ae0827e903842fbd0b02dc39ebb506491c9ee590a9fe3651ca592261",
      "hash": "138a9d28ae0827e903842fbd0b02dc39ebb506491c9ee590a9fe3651ca592261",
      "version": 2,
      "size": 83,
      "vsize": 83,
      "locktime": 0,
      "vin": [
        {
          "txid": "77a0769b63f4d92e7bf04e267c8481dd89be646bc5200184083dd5868c2bcfb8",
          "vout": 0,
          "scriptSig": {
            "asm": "",
            "hex": ""
          },
          "sequence": 4294967295
        }
      ],
      "vout": [
        {
          "value": 49.99990000,
          "n": 0,
          "scriptPubKey": {
            "asm": "OP_HASH160 223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff OP_EQUAL",
            "hex": "a914223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff87",
            "reqSigs": 1,
            "type": "scripthash",
            "addresses": [
              "2MvNF7LQ9SRkw4vcaFRhaMCJYkYWAGceqWX"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }

下一步, 可以对刚才的操作进行"签名"：

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest signrawtransaction $RAW_TX
    {
      "hex": "0200000001b8cf2b8c86d53d08840120c56b64be89dd81847c264ef07b2ed9f4639b76a0770000000049483045022100e2a52d661c6c0283f69b7a6591555da60f361fdf0fa7de3904af8f28ef058c9402205c5c8909b2cca90ec21d846a8b1ac8deeb870aa57fe516843d8e83283a0085b001ffffffff01f0ca052a0100000017a914223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff8700000000",
      "complete": true
    }
    $ SIGNED_RAW_TX=0200000001b8cf2b8c86d53d08840120c56b64be89dd81847c264ef07b2ed9f4639b76a0770000000049483045022100e2a52d661c6c0283f69b7a6591555da60f361fdf0fa7de3904af8f28ef058c9402205c5c8909b2cca90ec21d846a8b1ac8deeb870aa57fe516843d8e83283a0085b001ffffffff01f0ca052a0100000017a914223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff8700000000
    
    bitcoin-cli -regtest signrawtransaction $RAW_TX
    {
      "hex": "0200000001b8cf2b8c86d53d08840120c56b64be89dd81847c264ef07b2ed9f4639b76a0770000000049483045022100e2a52d661c6c0283f69b7a6591555da60f361fdf0fa7de3904af8f28ef058c9402205c5c8909b2cca90ec21d846a8b1ac8deeb870aa57fe516843d8e83283a0085b001ffffffff01f0ca052a0100000017a914223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff8700000000",
      "complete": true
    }
    $ SIGNED_RAW_TX=0200000001b8cf2b8c86d53d08840120c56b64be89dd81847c264ef07b2ed9f4639b76a0770000000049483045022100e2a52d661c6c0283f69b7a6591555da60f361fdf0fa7de3904af8f28ef058c9402205c5c8909b2cca90ec21d846a8b1ac8deeb870aa57fe516843d8e83283a0085b001ffffffff01f0ca052a0100000017a914223c39af0bd86f4f377300c3f610f18b02455eff8700000000

接下来，　就可以把这个被签名过的　交易，　发到网络上，　（交易才会生效）

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest sendrawtransaction $SIGNED_RAW_TX
    3eb56998a3a2c56d9c77476d07d1c1cbe0c3a04d59b9d0785013f4e6bab2f536
    
    # 点击发送后, 本node 才会发送消息,通知其他的 node(或者叫 peers)
    bitcoin-cli -regtest sendrawtransaction $SIGNED_RAW_TX
    3eb56998a3a2c56d9c77476d07d1c1cbe0c3a04d59b9d0785013f4e6bab2f536
    
    # 点击发送后,  本node 才会发送消息,通知其他的 node(或者叫 peers)

接下来, 我们手动创建一个block, 来模拟该交易已经被确认:

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest generate 1
    [
      "11a9300f1ca952ced5ac85405dfac8562a2304b2dcc1d5b98759844aa24a5b8c"
    ]bitcoin-cli -regtest generate 1
    [
      "11a9300f1ca952ced5ac85405dfac8562a2304b2dcc1d5b98759844aa24a5b8c"
    ]

[https_bitcoin.org_en_developer-examples]: https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-examples