SpringCloud（九）zuul网关路由与负载均衡

悠悠 2022-05-22 00:40 144阅读 0赞

##### 前言： #####

在前面的章节中，微服务架构中，每一个微服务都需要暴漏，不同的url，不同的端口，没有一个统一的入口，这样设计显然不合理，网关的一个功能就是实现一个统一的入口，所有请求经过网关，然后网关统一代理到各个微服务，并且能实现负载均衡的功能。

##### 代码：    #####

工程构造如下；

![70][]

工程的pom.xml文件：用的springboot2.0

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <modules>
            <module>eureka-server</module>
            <module>eureka-service</module>
            <module>eureka-feign</module>
            <module>zuul-service</module>
        </modules>
    
        <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
        <name>springcloud10-zuul</name>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RC2</spring-cloud.version>
        </properties>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        </parent>
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <dependencies>
    
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    </project>

创建一个Eureka微服务module：

pom.xml

application.yml

server:
      port: 8761
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: localhost
      client:
        register-with-eureka: false
        fetch-registry: false
        service-url:
          default-zone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka

启动类：

package com.xhx.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaServer
    public class EurekaServerApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

创建一个服务端微服务module

pom.xml

application.yml

server:
      port: 8082
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
    spring:
      application:
        name: eureka-service

controller类：

package com.xhx.springcloud.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import javax.validation.Valid;
    
    /**
     * xuhaixing
     * 2018/6/3 16:18
     */
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping(value = "hello")
    public class HelloController {
    
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String port;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "getName")
        public String getName(@RequestParam("name")  String name){
            return name+port;
        }
    }

启动类：

package com.xhx.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient 
    public class EurekaServiceApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(EurekaServiceApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

创建一个微服务消费者module:

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>eureka-feign</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>eureka-feign</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.xhx.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud10-zuul</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId> spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    
    </project>

application.yml

server:
      port: 8085
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
    spring:
      application:
        name: eureka-feign
    feign:
      hystrix:
        enabled: true

feign api

package com.xhx.springcloud.api;
    
    import com.xhx.springcloud.hystrix.HelloFeignHystrix;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    
    /**
     * xuhaixing
     * 2018/6/5 16:51
     */
    @FeignClient(value = "EUREKA-SERVICE",path = "hello", fallback =HelloFeignHystrix.class)
    public interface HelloFeign {
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "getName")
        public String getName(@RequestParam("name") String name);//@RequestParam 必须加上，否则可能会接不到参数
    }

hystrix

package com.xhx.springcloud.hystrix;
    
    import com.xhx.springcloud.api.HelloFeign;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * xuhaixing
     * 2018/6/6 13:36
     */
    @Component
    public class HelloFeignHystrix implements HelloFeign {
        @Override
        public String getName(String name) {
            return "请求第三方api错误";
        }
    }

controller

package com.xhx.springcloud.controller;
    
    import com.netflix.discovery.converters.Auto;
    import com.xhx.springcloud.api.HelloFeign;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    /**
     * xuhaixing
     * 2018/6/3 16:27
     */
    @RestController
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableHystrix
    public class RibbionController {
    
        @Autowired
        private HelloFeign helloFeign;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "getName")
        public String getName(String name){
            return helloFeign.getName(name);
        }
    }

启动类：

package com.xhx.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableFeignClients   //启用feign
    public class EurekaFeignApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(EurekaFeignApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

下面创建网关：

pom.xml

application.yml，暂时什么都不配置

server:
      port: 8090
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          default-zone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
    spring:
      application:
        name: zuul-service

启动类：

package com.xhx.springcloud;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
    
    /**
     * xuhaixing
     * 2018/6/11 16:39
     */
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @EnableZuulProxy
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class ZuulServiceApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ZuulServiceApplication.class,args);
        }
    }

这几个服务都启动，启动微服务服务端，改下端口号，启动两个实例，访问eureka http://localhost:8761/

![70 1][]

下面通过网关访问微服务：

localhost:8090/eureka-feign/getName 访问服务消费者的getName方法，服务名称必须是小写，多访问几次，会发现自带负载均衡功能

![70 2][]

![70 3][]

访问eureka时还需要直接带上微服务的名称这样明显不好，这一节些实现基本功能，下一节进行网关配置。

[我的github地址][github]

[70]: /images/20220522/3fc4205737364f3b827767bb760bd901.png
[70 1]: /images/20220522/2530d4d430c241ee9d79251f7c4ff10e.png
[70 2]: /images/20220522/a9a63eae3bdc4526acfad6bf9287dd5d.png
[70 3]: /images/20220522/646ac3efd8524586a9d78c249b350fa0.png
[github]: https://github.com/xuhaixing/myDocument.git