Python初学8-对象

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2022-05-22 00:14 113阅读 0赞

**1、基础对象（包括函数和变量） **

**【注】：self相当于java中的this指针，指向类中的变量参数**

class People():
        name=''
        age = 0
      
        def fun1(self):
            print(str(self.age)+"岁"+self.name+'做了一件事')
    
    people  = People()
    people.name='Tom'
    people.age=10
    people.fun1()

**2、构造函数:def \_\_init\_\_(self)（类实例化时调用）**

class P1():
        name='p1初始化'
        age=0
        def __init__(self,name,age):
            self.name = name
            self.age = age
            print(str(self.age)+"岁"+self.name+'P1构造函数调用')
            print(P1.name+"-"+self.name+"-"+self.__class__.name)
            #return 1 不可以有返回值
        
        def fun1(self):
            print(str(self.age)+"岁"+self.name+'调用p1函数fun1')
        
    p1 = P1('name_p1',10)
    p1.fun1()
    print("---"+p1.name)
    #a = p1.__init__()
    #print(a,type(a))#构造函数返回为空

**3、\_\_dict\_\_字典（获取类中所有变量参数）**

class P2():
        a = 1
        b = 2
        c = 3
        def __init__(self,a,b,c):
            self.a=a
            self.b=b
            self.c=c
        def fun1(self):
            print('fun1')
        def fun2(self):
            print('fun2')
    p2 = P2(3,4,5)
    print(p2.__dict__)

**4、类方法**

**【注】@classmethod @staticmethod **

class P3():
        sum = 0
        def __init__(self):
            print("构造函数里的"+str(self.sum))
        @classmethod
        def do_sum(cls):
            cls.sum+=1
            print("sum累加"+str(cls.sum))
        @staticmethod
        def static_sum():
            print("static方法"+str(sum))
    p3_1 = P3()
    p3_1.do_sum()
    p3_1.static_sum()
    p3_2 = P3()
    p3_2.static_sum()
    p3_2.do_sum()
    p3_3 = P3()
    p3_3.static_sum()
    p3_3.do_sum()

**5、继承**

**可以使用**

**    1>.父类.  调用父类变量或函数**

**    2>.super(本类). 调用父类变量或函数**

class Man():
        name=''
        age = 0
        def __init__(self,age,name):
            self.age=age
            self.name=name
        def fun1(self):
            print("Man中"+str(self.age)+"岁"+self.name+'做了一件事')
    
    people  = People()
    people.name='Tom'
    people.age=10
    people.fun1()
      
     
    class Student(Man):
        sex = '男'
        age = 0
        score = 0
        def __init__(self,name,age,sex,score):
            #Man.__init__(self, age, name)
            super(Student,self).__init__(age,name)#调用父类
            self.age=age
            self.score=score
            self.sex=sex
        def fun1(self):
            print("student中"+str(self.age)+"岁"+self.name+'做了一件事')
        
    
    student = Student('Tom',15,'男',100)
    print(student.name)
    student.fun1()