【Java安全】关于Java中常用加密/解密方法的实现

小咪咪 2022-05-21 10:25 53阅读 0赞

安全问题已经成为一个越来越重要的问题，在Java中如何对重要数据进行加密解密是本文的主要内容。

一、常用的加密/解密算法

1.Base64

严格来说Base64并不是一种加密/解密算法，而是一种编码方式。Base64不生成密钥，通过Base64编码后的密文就可以直接“翻译”为明文，但是可以通过向明文中添加混淆字符来达到加密的效果。

2.DES

DES是一种基于56位密钥的对称算法，1976年被美国联邦政府的国家标准局确定为联邦资料处理标准（FIPS），随后在国际上广泛流传开来。现在DES已经不是一种安全的加密算法，已被公开破解，现在DES已经被高级加密标准（AES）所代替。

3.3DES

3DES是DES的一种派生算法，主要提升了DES的一些实用所需的安全性。

4.AES

AES是现在对称加密算法中最流行的算法之一。

二、实现所需的一些库

为了实现上述的算法，我们可以实用JDK自带的实现，也可以使用一些开源的第三方库，例如Bouncy Castle（https://www.bouncycastle.org/）和comnons codec（https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/）。

三、具体实现

1.Base64

package com.tancky.security;
    
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
    import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
    
    public class Base64Demo {
        
        
        private static String src = "TestBase64";
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Base64Demo.jdkBase64();
            Base64Demo.commonsCodecBase64 ();
            Base64Demo.bouncyCastleBase64 ();
        }
        
        //使用JDK的base64实现，
        public static void jdkBase64 (){
            BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
            String encode = encoder.encode(Base64Demo.src.getBytes());
            System.out.println("encode:  " + encode);
            
            BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
            try {
                String decode = new String ( decoder.decodeBuffer(encode));
                System.out.println("decode:  " + decode);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }    
        }
        
        
        //使用apache的commonsCodec实现
        public static void commonsCodecBase64 (){
            byte[] encodeBytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64(Base64Demo.src.getBytes());
            String encode = new String (encodeBytes);
            System.out.println("encode:  " + encode);
            
            byte[] decodeBytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.decodeBase64(encode);
            String decode = new String(decodeBytes);
            System.out.println("decode:  " + decode);
            
        }
        
        //使用bouncyCastlede实现
        public static void bouncyCastleBase64 () {
            byte[] encodeBytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.encode(Base64Demo.src.getBytes()) ;
            String encode = new String (encodeBytes);
            System.out.println("encode:  " + encode);
    
            byte[] decodeBytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.decode(encode);
            String decode = new String(decodeBytes);
            System.out.println("decode:  " + decode);
            
        }
    
    }

2.DES

package com.tancky.security;
    
    import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
    import java.security.Key;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
    import java.security.Security;
    import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
    
    import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
    import javax.crypto.Cipher;
    import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
    import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
    import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
    import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
    import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
    import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;
    
    import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
    import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
    
    public class DESDemo {
        
        private static String src = "TestDES";
        
        
        public static void jdkDES () {
            
            try {
                //生成密钥Key
                KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
                keyGenerator.init(56);
                SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
                byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
            
                
                //KEY转换
                DESKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);
                SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
                Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
                
                //加密
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
                byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());
                System.out.println("DESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
                
                
                //解密
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
                byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
                System.out.println("DESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
                
                
                
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        
        }
        
        
        
        public static void bcDES (){
            try {
                
                
                //使用BouncyCastle 的DES加密
                Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
                
                
                //生成密钥Key
                KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES","BC");
                keyGenerator.init(56);
                SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
                byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
            
                
                //KEY转换
                DESKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);
                SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
                Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
                
                //加密
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
                byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());
                System.out.println("DESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
                
                
                //解密
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
                byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
                System.out.println("DESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
                
                
                
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            DESDemo.jdkDES ();
            DESDemo.bcDES();
        }
    
    }

3.3DES

package com.tancky.security;
    
    import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
    import java.security.Key;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
    import java.security.Security;
    import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
    
    import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
    import javax.crypto.Cipher;
    import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
    import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
    import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
    import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
    import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
    
    import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;
    
    import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
    import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
    
    public class TripleDESDemo {
        
        private static String src = "TestTripleDES";
        
        public static void jdkTripleDES () {
            
            try {
                //生成密钥Key
                KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede");
                keyGenerator.init(168);
                SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
                byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
            
                
                //KEY转换
                DESedeKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
                SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
                Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
                
                //加密
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
                byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());
                System.out.println("TripleDESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
                
                
                //解密
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
                byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
                System.out.println("TripleDESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
                
                
                
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        
        }
    
        
        
        
    public static void bcTripleDES () {
            
            try {
                
                Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
                //生成密钥Key
                KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede","BC");
                keyGenerator.getProvider();
                keyGenerator.init(168);
                SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
                byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
            
                
                //KEY转换
                DESedeKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
                SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
                Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
                
                //加密
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
                byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());
                System.out.println("TripleDESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
                
                
                //解密
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
                byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
                System.out.println("TripleDESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
                
                
                
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        
        }
        
        
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            jdkTripleDES ();
            bcTripleDES ();
    
        }
    
    }

4.AES

package com.tancky.security;
    
    import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
    import java.security.Key;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
    import java.security.SecureRandom;
    import java.security.Security;
    
    import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
    import javax.crypto.Cipher;
    import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
    import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
    import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
    import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
    import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
    
    import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
    import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
    
    public class AESDemo {
        
        private static String src = "TestAES";
        
        public static void jdkAES (){
            try {
                
                
                //生成Key
                KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
                keyGenerator.init(128);  
                //keyGenerator.init(128, new SecureRandom("seedseedseed".getBytes()));  
                //使用上面这种初始化方法可以特定种子来生成密钥，这样加密后的密文是唯一固定的。
                SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
                byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();
                
                //Key转换
                Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
                
                //加密
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
                byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());
                System.out.println("AESencode : " + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult) );
                
                //解密
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
                byte[] decodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
                System.out.println("AESdecode : " + new String (decodeResult));
                
                
            
            
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        
        }
        
        
        public static void bcAES (){
            try {
                
                //使用BouncyCastle 的DES加密
                Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
                
                //生成Key
                KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES","BC");
                keyGenerator.getProvider();
                keyGenerator.init(128);  
                SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
                byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();
                
                //Key转换
                Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
                
                //加密
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
                byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());
                System.out.println("AESencode : " + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult) );
                
                //解密
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
                byte[] decodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
                System.out.println("AESdecode : " + new String (decodeResult));
                
                
            
            
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
                // TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        
        }
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            jdkAES();
            bcAES();
    
        }
    
    }