lInux安装jdk的三种方法

冷不防 2022-05-17 06:22 238阅读 0赞

环境

Linux版本：CentOS 6.5、Ubuntu 12.04.5

JDK版本：JDK 1.7

方法一：手动解压JDK的压缩包，然后设置环境变量

方法二：用yum安装JDK

方法三：用rpm安装JDK

方法四：Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安装JDK

方法一：手动解压JDK的压缩包，然后设置环境变量

\[root@localhost ~\]\# mkdir/usr/java

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd /usr/java

2.下载，然后解压

\[root@localhost java\]\# curl -O http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz

\[root@localhost java\]\# tar -zxvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz

3.设置环境变量

\[root@localhost java\]\# vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

\#set java environment

JAVA\_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0\_79

JRE\_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0\_79/jre

CLASS\_PATH=.:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE\_HOME/lib

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA\_HOME/bin:$JRE\_HOME/bin

export JAVA\_HOME JRE\_HOME CLASS\_PATH PATH

让修改生效：

\[root@localhost java\]\# source /etc/profile

4.验证

\[root@localhost java\]\# java -version

java version "1.7.0\_79"

SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0\_79-b15)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

方法二：用yum安装JDK(CentOS)

1.查看yum库中都有哪些jdk版本

\[root@localhost ~\]\# yum search java|grep jdk

ldapjdk-javadoc.x86\_64 : Javadoc for ldapjdk

java-1.6.0-openjdk.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment

java-1.6.0-openjdk-demo.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Demos

java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment

java-1.6.0-openjdk-javadoc.x86\_64 : OpenJDK API Documentation

java-1.6.0-openjdk-src.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle

java-1.7.0-openjdk.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment

java-1.7.0-openjdk-demo.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Demos

java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment

java-1.7.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation

java-1.7.0-openjdk-src.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle

java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment

java-1.8.0-openjdk-demo.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Demos

java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Development Environment

java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Runtime Environment

java-1.8.0-openjdk-javadoc.noarch : OpenJDK API Documentation

java-1.8.0-openjdk-src.x86\_64 : OpenJDK Source Bundle

ldapjdk.x86\_64 : The Mozilla LDAP Java SDK

2.选择版本，进行安装

我们这里安装1.7版本

\[root@localhost ~\]\# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk

安装完之后，默认的安装目录是在: /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86\_64

3.设置环境变量

\[root@localhost ~\]\# vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

\#set java environment

JAVA\_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.75.x86\_64

JRE\_HOME=$JAVA\_HOME/jre

CLASS\_PATH=.:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE\_HOME/lib

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA\_HOME/bin:$JRE\_HOME/bin

export JAVA\_HOME JRE\_HOME CLASS\_PATH PATH

让修改生效：

\[root@localhost java\]\# source /etc/profile

3.验证

同上。

注：因为采用yum安装jdk，系统考虑到多版本的问题，会用alternatives进行版本控制。开始，相应版本的jdk安装在/usr/lib/jvm/之后，会在alternatives中注册，在/etc/alternatives目录下会产生一些链接到/usr/lib/jvm/中刚安装好的jdk版本。

在/usr/bin下面会有链接到/etc/alternatives的相应的文件。比如，/usr/bin下面会有一个链接文件java的映射关系如下：

/usr/bin/java->/etc/alternatives/java

/etc/alternatives/java-> /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86\_64/bin/java

这样，java命令不用设置环境变量，就可以正常运行了。但如果对于tomcat或其他软件来说还是要设置环境变量。

同样，如果安装新的版本jdk，就会重新链接到最新安装的jdk版本。当然，也可以使用alternatives修改所要使用的版本。

具体方法可参照：《使用Linux的alternatives管理多版本的软件》

方法三：用rpm安装JDK

1.下载

\[hadoop@localhost ~\]$ curl -O http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm

2.使用rpm命令安装

\[root@localhost  ~\]\# rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm

Preparing...               \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]

1:jdk                    \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\[100%\]

Unpacking JAR files...

rt.jar...

jsse.jar...

charsets.jar...

tools.jar...

localedata.jar...

jfxrt.jar...

3.设置环境变量

\[root@localhost java\]\# vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

\#set java environment

JAVA\_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0\_79

JRE\_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0\_79/jre

CLASS\_PATH=.:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE\_HOME/lib

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA\_HOME/bin:$JRE\_HOME/bin

export JAVA\_HOME JRE\_HOME CLASS\_PATH PATH

让修改生效：

\[root@localhost java\]\# source /etc/profile

4.验证

\[root@localhost java\]\# java -version

java version "1.7.0\_79"

64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

和yum安装类似，不用设置环境变量就可以，运行java命令。rpm安装方式默认会把jdk安装到/usr/java/jdk1.7.0\_79，然后通过三层链接，链接到/usr/bin,具体链接如下：

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd /bin

\[root@localhost bin\]\# ll|grep java

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     25 Mar 28 11:24 jar ->/usr/java/default/bin/jar

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     26 Mar 28 11:24 java -> /usr/java/default/bin/java

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     27 Mar 28 11:24 javac ->/usr/java/default/bin/javac

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     29 Mar 28 11:24 javadoc ->/usr/java/default/bin/javadoc

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     28 Mar 28 11:24 javaws ->/usr/java/default/bin/javaws

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     30 Mar 28 11:24 jcontrol ->/usr/java/default/bin/jcontrol

\[root@localhost bin\]\# cd /usr/java/

\[root@localhost java\]\# ll

total 4

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   16 Mar 28 11:24 default-> /usr/java/latest

drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 4096 Mar 28 11:24 jdk1.7.0\_79

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   21 Mar 28 11:24 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.7.0\_79

方法四：Ubuntu 上使用apt-get安装JDK

1.查看apt库都有哪些jdk版本

root@Itble:~\# apt-cache search java|grep jdk

default-jdk - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit

default-jdk-doc - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)

gcj-4.6-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for

gcj-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for

openjdk-6-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)

openjdk-6-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)

openjdk-6-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation

openjdk-6-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)

openjdk-6-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)

openjdk-6-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files

openjdk-7-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)

openjdk-7-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)

openjdk-7-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation

openjdk-7-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)

openjdk-7-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files

uwsgi-plugin-jvm-openjdk-6 - Java plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)

uwsgi-plugin-jwsgi-openjdk-6 - JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)

openjdk-6-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT

openjdk-6-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)

openjdk-7-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT

openjdk-7-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)

openjdk-7-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)

2.选择版本进行安装

root@Itble:~\# apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

3.设置环境变量

root@Itble:~\# vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

\#set java environment

JAVA\_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64

JRE\_HOME=$JAVA\_HOME/jre

CLASS\_PATH=.:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA\_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE\_HOME/lib

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA\_HOME/bin:$JRE\_HOME/bin

export JAVA\_HOME JRE\_HOME CLASS\_PATH PATH

让修改生效：

root@Itble:~\# source /etc/profile

4.验证

root@Itble:~\# java -version

java version "1.7.0\_79"

OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.5.5) (7u79-2.5.5-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)

Ubuntu的apt-get安装方式和CentOS的yum安装方式很类似，这里就算作一种方法

lInux安装jdk的三种方法

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