Maven Junit单元测试入门

小灰灰 2022-05-17 05:24 317阅读 0赞

参考自[敲代码的卡卡罗特][Link 1]、[七夜 雪][Link 2]

1、先新建完成一个基本的maven项目，如[maven 入门例子][maven]。新建功能类包、测试类包，结构如下：

![70][]

2、编写功能类Calculator

package com.function;
    
    public class Calculator {
    
    	public int add(int a,int b){
    		return a+b;
    	}
    	
    	public int subtract(int a,int b){
    		return a-b;
    	}
    	
    	public int multiply(int a,int b){
    		return a*b;
    	}
    	
    	public int divide(int a,int b){
    		return a/b;
    	}
    }

3、在pom.xml中配置junit依赖包

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>com.gan</groupId>
      <artifactId>mavenFirst</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <packaging>war</packaging>
      <name>mavenFirst</name>
      <description/>
      <properties>
        <webVersion>3.1</webVersion>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      </properties>
      
      	
        <dependencies> 
    	  	<dependency>
    	  		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    	  		<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    	  		<version>3.0.1</version>
    	  	</dependency>
    	  	
    	  	<dependency>
    	  		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    	  		<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    	  		<version>1.2</version>
    	  	</dependency> 
    	  	
    	  	
    	  	<dependency>
    	  		<groupId>junit</groupId>
    	  		<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    	  		<version>4.11</version>
    	  		<scope>test</scope>
    	  	</dependency> 	
    	  	
    	  	<dependency>
    	  		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	  		<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    	  		<version>4.0.2.RELEASE</version>
    	  		<scope>test</scope>
    	  	</dependency>
      </dependencies>
      
      
      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.2</version>
            <configuration>
              <source>1.8</source>
              <target>1.8</target>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
            <configuration>
              <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    </project>

4、编写测试基类BaseTest

package com.test;
    
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @WebAppConfiguration    // enable WebApp Test Support  
    //@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:spring-mvc.xml","classpath:spring-mybatis.xml"})
    public class BaseTest {
    
    	@Before
    	public void init(){
    		//在运行测试之前的业务代码
    	}
    	
    	@After
    	public void after(){
    		//在测试完成值之后的业务代码
    	}
    }

5、右键Calculator选择new——other——Junit Test Case

![70 1][]

选择src/test/java文件夹、com.test包，类名默认、添加BaseTest父类

![70 2][]

![70 3][]

![70 4][]

next，勾选需要测试的方法，finish完成

![70 5][]

6、实现完成测试方法

package com.test;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
    import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import com.function.Calculator;
    
    	/**
    	  * junit的测试方法必须使用 @ Test 注解
    	  * 测试方法必须以public void修饰，并且不包含参数
    	  */
    
    public class CalculatorTest extends BaseTest {
    
    	@Test
    	public void testAdd() {
    		/**
    		 * assertEquals是一个断言方法
    		 * 第一个参数表示预期的结果
    		 * 第二个参数表示程序的执行结果
    		 * 但预期的结果与执行结果一致时，则表示单元测试成功
    		 */
    		assertEquals(4,new Calculator().add(2,2));
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void testSubtract() {
    		assertEquals(5,new Calculator().subtract(6, 1));
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void testMultiply() {
    		assertEquals(8,new Calculator().multiply(2, 4));
    	}
    
    	@Test
    	public void testDivide() {
    		assertEquals(1,new Calculator().divide(6, 0));
    	}
    
    }

7、保存，右键Run as——JUnit Test

![70 6][]

可以看到除数为零错误

![70 7][]

[Link 1]: https://www.cnblogs.com/coder-lzh/p/9060110.html
[Link 2]: https://www.cnblogs.com/qiyexue/p/6822791.html
[maven]: https://blog.csdn.net/zero_130/article/details/81476129
[70]: /images/20220517/f76da51180dd4454b2134699a98bf785.png
[70 1]: /images/20220517/2db16a24c96544c0b647190f81462de0.png
[70 2]: /images/20220517/404acdfb723e45fdb3e8d91f75ad642a.png
[70 3]: /images/20220517/d7e42cc9f602485ea94253c819f6ca27.png
[70 4]: /images/20220517/908530f6f564406ea71c47c9d8c8091e.png
[70 5]: /images/20220517/ab2610dd17854e9e991391e3a9870998.png
[70 6]: /images/20220517/17c45cabd2d74409ba6b7a759669a57f.png
[70 7]: /images/20220517/4be361ba435a4c7ca27f28569143c787.png